SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—G. 515 
Under the first category are described (i) pumps and ejectors, with special 
reference to unchokeability, (ii) settling tank mechanisms and screening 
plant. 
Under the second category, in addition to (i) pumps, fall (ii) aeration 
devices, including agitators and surface aeration plant, sprinklers and air- 
compressors with diffusers, and (iii) dosage apparatus including chlorinators 
and devices for adding precipitants, etc. 
Under the third category fall (i) pumps and ejectors, (ii) stirrers, gas- 
collectors, heating mechanism, etc., (iii) sludge presses and driers, grease 
extraction apparatus, etc. 
In the fourth category are included (i) conveyors, (ii) disintegrators. 
In addition to the above, brief reference is made to special valves, floating 
arms, etc., which are used in connection with sewage manipulation. 
DISCUSSION (11.30). 
AFTERNOON. 
Visits : (i) to sewage works of Birmingham Tame and Rea Drainage 
Board. 
(ii) to Fort Dunlop. 
Tuesday, September 12. 
Mr. JosEPpH GOULDBOURN.—Shoe manufacturing machinery and some 
special problems in its design (10.0). 
The paper outlines the comprehensive character of the machinery and 
summarises categories of special machines developed for performing certain 
important operations of the many different ones into which the manufacture 
of shoes has become divided. In illustration of peculiar problems which 
the designer has had to solve, salient features of several machines are 
discussed. These are a stitching machine, which will set a lockstitch 
reliably at a selected depth in a sole as much as # of an inch thick while 
sewing 1,000 or more stitches per minute ; metallic fastening machines com- 
prising means for marshalling and delivering both headed and headless nails ; 
a pulling over machine pneumatic mechanism for simultaneously inverting 
and delivering a number of tacks to an equal number of tack driving 
mechanisms ; a lasting machine for securing the upper to the insole by 
staples which clinch themselves in the thickness itself of the comparatively 
thin insole; a sole edge burnishing machine in which, while the sole 
edge is traversing across the tool, both are automatically adjusted to the dual 
sole curvatures by systems of feelers operating machine controls through 
hydraulic relays, and, lastly, a pattern grading machine embodying duplex 
pantograph mechanism. 
Prof, Mites Wa.ker, F.R.S.—Great engineering works of profit as a cure 
for unemployment (11.0). 
During the last twenty years many sane engineering projects have been 
brought forward in different parts of the country—underground railways 
-in large towns, bridges over rivers, extensions of electric power generation 
and transmission, the change from tramways to Diesel-driven omnibuses, 
the change from steam-driven locomotives on our main-line railways to 
Diesel-electric locomotives especially of the type containing torque-con- 
version apparatus. Projects of these kinds are still before the public. In 
