528 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—H. 
developed under these conditions, the painted pottery of the Indus civilisa- 
tion from Amri on the lower Indus at least as far as Harappa on the Ravi 
500 miles away is astonishingly uniform and at the same time highly sophisti- 
cated. Its individuality is expressed in a self-conscious style the distinguish- 
ing peculiarity of which is the free use of repetition motives (i.e. motives 
which can be repeated indefinitely in any direction). ‘Though doubtless 
inspired by textile models, this style finds so far no parallels in the third 
millennium or earlier except perhaps in Crete. 
Baluchistan and Waziristan, broken up into a number of discrete valleys, 
did not become the scene of a higher civilisation, but exhibit a variety of 
barbaric ceramic groups. Both the black-and-red-on-red wares, com- 
monest in Waziristan and the black-and-red-on-buff or cream, commoner 
in Baluchistan and absent from the Zhob valley, seem closely allied one to 
another and to the Indus ware both technically and in the motives employed. 
Shahi-tump (funerary) ware is closely allied to that of Susa I both in 
forms and in specialised motives, notably the ‘ Maltese square ’ decorating 
the centres of dishes at both sites (and also at Samarra). Sherds could be 
found illustrating the transition from the prevailing grey tint to a pink; in 
Sistan the same transition is illustrated as well as that to a green tint indis- 
tinguishable from that so common on al’Ubaid and Samarra wares. The 
connection in the pot-fabrics is confirmed by other graves goods—lapis 
lazuli beads, alabaster vases, stamp seals, axes of copper—common to Shahi- 
tump and Susa I. The Shahi graves indeed reveal an extension eastward 
of Frankfort’s ‘ Highland culture’ in a very pure form and precisely that 
represented at Susa itself. Yet these graves cannot be earlier than the 
third millennium and must be later than or partly contemporary with the 
Indus culture. They therefore demonstrate the direction of the spread of 
the Highland culture eastwards, not vice versa—but afford no clue as to the 
sources of the common elements in the Indus and Sumerian ceramic 
traditions. 
The pottery from Nal and Nundara in Baluchistan is more sophisticated 
and shows a deliberate style. 'The designs are outlined in black on a pale 
slip and filled in with plum red and sometimes other colours. ‘This fabric, 
though in time probably contemporary with the Indus black-on-red wares, 
might be regarded as a development of the black-and-red-on-pale-slip ware 
from Amri in Lower Sindh which is older than the classical Indus ware. 
Amri ware in its turn has technical and stylistic affinities to the Jemdet Nasr 
ware of Mesopotamia, while, on the other hand, some designs foreshadow 
the typical Indus system of repetition motives. 
Dr. C. L. WooLtey.—Ur : the archaic period (12.10). 
AFTERNOON. 
Dr. L. S. B. Leaxey.—Excavations at Apis Rock, Tanganyika Terri- 
tory (2.15). 
Mr. G. KincsLey RotH.—The decaying ee and crafts of Fiji (3.0). 
Since the advent of European and other civilisations to Fiji which began 
over a hundred years ago the practice of the arts and crafts of the indigenous 
population has progressively decreased and processes have changed. ‘The 
manufacture of bark-cloth and of pottery may be instanced as examples of 
arts which in some districts are quite obsolete or in others have been 
