540 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—J. 
sufficient. Fear, dizziness and collapse apparently due to shortage of 
blood in brain occasioned by digestive trouble. 
Purely psychological causes effective. Fear and revival of unpleasant 
past experiences often reported by subjects. 
Practical questions: Is a volitionally controlled breathing that will 
frustrate the tendency to engine control possible ?) Can such ‘ willed’ 
breathing be transformed into a ‘ habit’ ? 
Dr. R.S. Creep; Sq.-Leader G. H. Rem. 
AFTERNOON. 
(Section meeting in two divisions.) 
Division 1. 
Miss A. G. SHaw.—Motion study applied to small assembly and machine 
work (2.0). 
Mr. A. Ropcer.—Why and how the vocational psychologist studies tem- 
perament (3.30). 
The term temperament may conveniently be used to cover such charac- 
teristics as are represented by the words sociability, frankness, cheerfulness, 
co-operativeness, neatness and cautiousness. For the purposes of the 
vocational psychologist most temperamental characteristics may be regarded 
as belonging to one of two main types; those which are displayed in an 
individual’s attitude towards other people, and those which are displayed 
in his attitude towards his work. It is clear that in some occupations it is 
more important that a worker should possess certain of these characteristics in 
high degree than that he should possess either outstanding general intellectual 
ability or really good practical abilities. Psychologists have attempted to 
devise numerically-scored tests for many of them, but so far their efforts 
have met with scant success. The National Institute of Industrial Psy- 
chology is endeavouring to break fresh ground by adopting what may be 
called a ‘ biographical ’ procedure and by seeking definite assistance from 
the parents and teachers of those who apply to it for vocational guidance. 
This involves a study not only of an individual’s temperamental charac- 
teristics as they are at the moment, but also of those characteristics as they 
have been in the past. In this way some indication of their all-important 
“trend ’ is obtained. 
Miss R. M. GOLDTHORPE.—Effect of the distribution of practice periods on 
the learning curve in industrial operations (4.15). 
Division 2. 
Dr. R. B. CaTTELL.—Friends and enemies ; their g,p, c, and w values (2.0). 
A previous research has shown temperament and character traits to fall 
into two broad patterns: the ‘surgent’ temperament determined by a 
general factor c, and the will-character determined by a factor w 
(Webb). 
In a group of 62 students, who had been the subjects of estimates on 
these factors, and who had also been tested for intelligence, perseveration, 
and ‘ fluency of association,’ each student was asked to name two others 
who were his especial friends and one other for whom he felt a particular 
