SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—L, M. 571 
The experiments on arable crops are (1) the comparison of nitrogenous 
fertilisers on potatoes in which nitrogen in all the forms tried gave significant 
results, but the differences between the various forms of nitrogen were not 
significant, and (2) a rotation experiment on the eight plot system which 
brings out some overall effects. The size of the plot varies from 1/120 to 
1/200 acre each; the treatments are replicated and randomised. ‘The 
standard errors compare favourably with those obtained at research centres 
where larger plots are used. 
Miss J. K. Jones.—A village survey (12.10). 
A short account is given of the work done in two small Oxfordshire 
village schools over a period of years under the guidance of Miss C. V. 
Butler, M.A., who, with Miss C. A. Simpson, wrote the Board of Education 
Pamphlet No. 61 on ‘ Village Survey Making—an Oxfordshire Experiment.’ 
One of the schools, Lower Heyford, is in a ‘ compact’ village, in the 
centre of the county, on the Cherwell, typically a valley village ; and this 
survey is compared with that of Idbury and Fifield, on the extreme west of 
the county, 600 ft. above sea-level, on one of the Cotswold slopes. 
The points of comparison will be : 
(1) Geological formation, involving types of water supply, buildings, 
boundaries, crops, and fields with their names. b 
(2) Economic life of the inhabitants; local industries, existing and 
extinct ; markets. 
(3) Illustrations of social history Enclosures and commons, tithe 
barns, pounds, turnpikes, manorial rights. 
(4) Local customs ; Folk lore, weather lore, children’s games. 
(5) Nature study ; Trees. 
(6) Method. (a) Utilisation of children and the effect on ordinary 
school work. 
(6) Utilisation of parents—neighbours and old scholars. 
(7) Limitations and value. (a) As ‘ finding out’ with some real con- 
tribution to knowledge ; (b) as an educational method. 
DISCUSSION (12.30). 
SECTION M.—AGRICULTURE. 
Thursday, September 7. 
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS by Dr, A. LauDER on Chemistry and Agriculture 
(10.0). (See p. 243.) 
Discussion on Some sociological aspects of agriculture :— 
Mr. R. R. ENFIELD.—What is our objective in agriculture: high 
production, high employment or high standard of living ? (11.0). 
The objective of a higher standard of living. Its relation to general 
economic progress. Economic factors affecting the problem of increasing 
agricultural production and employment. The trend towards economic 
nationalism. The country’s balance of payments. Sociological factors. 
How can these be measured? Their relation to economic factors. Ex- 
amples of other countries. Technical questions involved. The effect of 
