no 



SECTIONAL ADDRESSES 



some, still indefinite, region to the north in their efforts to find the cradle 

 of civilisation. (I shall return to this aspect of the subject later.) 



Thus we arrive at the interesting result that major racial evolution and 

 major cultural evolution occurred in much the same region ; in spite 

 of the fact — often pointed out — that there is no inherent connection 

 between a given race and a culture associated with it. The time-factor 

 is very different in the two phenomena. In the field of Race, during the 

 short period of the recent centuries, we have only seen the origin of a 

 few hybrid groups, all unimportant except perhaps for the Mestizos of 

 Latin America. But we have observed new cultures travel all over the 

 world ; their speed of expansion increasing with every passing year. Thus 

 tobacco spread far and wide within a century after Raleigh brought 

 it to Europe. Nowadays the son of the head-hunting Papuan delights 

 to drive a motor launch, and the second generation from the cannibal 

 Fijian is filling the medical services in those tropic isles. 



C 2. General Discussion of the Zones and Strata Theory. 



It was his use (on world maps) of the isopleth method in charting the 

 criteria of race, in conjunction with the findings in W. D. Matthew's 

 memoir ' Climate and Evolution,' which led the writer to publish the 

 ' Zones and Strata Classification of Races ' in 1919. The general principles 

 of this concept are illustrated in Fig. 5. Here three parallel cases of 



Fig. 5. — Block Diagrams illustrating the ' Zones and Strata ' Concept applied to 

 Culture (Evolution of Transport) ; Mammals (Artio-dactyls) ; and Major 

 Races. In each case the centre of evolution is in the centre of the zones, 

 and the most primitive types have been thrust to the margins. The strata 

 appear on the vertical edges (at right). All much generalised. 



evolution are considered. All anthropologists- will agree as to the explana- 

 tion of the block diagram on the left. Here we see zones of Methods of 

 Transport (ox-team, horse-bus, motor-car and aeroplane) arranged round 

 the city of Sydney — the only settlement of note for sixty years in Australia. 

 The ' strata ' resulting from this evolution in Sydney and gradual migration 

 to margin, are indicated on the vertical edge of the block diagram. 

 Clearly there is a common cradleland, where commercial activity is greatest 

 in the centre of the zones — and the primitive types now occur precisely 

 where they did not originate. 



