E— GEOGR.\PHY I37 



varying, environment which is inevitably moulding himself. This to my 

 mind is the ultimate reason why Geography can be claimed as one of the 

 three fundamentals of modern education. I should like to see Wells' 

 Outline of History, or some similar generalised study of cultural evolution 

 (and I have tried to write two, myself !), made compulsory for all high 

 schools. A knowledge of this aspect of culture will be far more helpful 

 in the present world-crisis than much of the present curriculum. 



The aim of civilisation, as I see it, is not to prepare for a better world 

 beyond this earth, but to prepare a better world on this earth. Our 

 immediate objective should be a world of peace. This can only be attained 

 by studying world problems, especially those involving other nations 

 and cultures. It would seem desirable to swing the attention of youth for 

 a generation or two from the problems of physical science to the more 

 difficult and dangerous problems of social science. There is no risk 

 to-day, though there was in the past, in stating that the earth is a globe, 

 revolves around the sun, and is of infinitely small importance in the 

 Cosmos. But there is grave danger in many circles in stating the truth 

 about Communism, Socialism, Judaism, Nordicism and many other 

 -isms which conflict with established or dictatorial interests. These 

 creeds are cultural facts, which can be most readily understood by 

 a graphical presentation. It is no quibble to say that they are to-day 

 more vital to the man of culture, i.e. with a well-rounded education, than 

 is the well-recognised and valuable culture based on art, music, or classics. 

 Thus the geographer whose interests lie not only in the economic but 

 also in the cultural field can feel that he is working right on the battle-front 

 in man's progress towards a higher type of civilisation. 



L. Bibliography 



This Address is an expansion of certain chapters of my last two books, 

 Environment and Nation and Environment, Race and Migration, both of which 

 have been published at Toronto, Oxford and Chicago, by the University Presses. 

 ChUde, V. G. 1934 ^^'"^ Light on the Most Ancient East, London. 



1936 The Aryans, London. 



Dixon, R. 1923 Racial History of Man, New York. 



de Hevesy, M. G. 1933 ' Sur un ecriture oceanienne,' Bull. Soc. Prehist. Fran. 



Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1929 Article on ' Philology.' 



Fergusson and Burgess. 1880 The Cave Temples of India, London, p. 33. 



See also 1929 ' Indian Architecture,' Ency. Britt. 12. 

 Finch and Baker. 1917 Geography of the World's Agriculture, Washington. 

 Hunter, G. R. 1934 The Script of Harappa, London. 

 Huntington, E. 1937 ' Geography and History,' Can. J. Econ., Toronto. 



1938 Season of Birth, New York. 



Hoyt, H. 1933 Land Values in Chicago, Chicago. 

 Jespersen, O. 1894 Progress in Language, London, p. 36. 

 Keith, A. 1931 New Discoveries Relating to Man, London. 

 Koeppen, W. 1932 ' Age of Man in Europe,' Anthropos, p. 955. 

 Martin, E. D. 1926 The Meaning of a Liberal Education, New York. 

 Matthew, W. D. 1915 ' Climate and Evolution,' Attn. Acad. Sci., New York. 

 Metraux, J. 1938 ' Easter Island Tablets,' Man, London, January. 

 Routledge, S. 1919 Mystery of Easter Island, London. 



Taylor, Griffith. 1919 ' Climatic Cycles and Evolution,' Geo. Rev., New York. 



1 92 1 ' Evolution and Distribution of Race, Language and 



Culture,' Geo. Rev., New York. 



1930 ' Racial Migration Zones,' Human Biology, Baltimore. 



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