366 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 



of Economic Changes,' though the Head Mistress of Clapham Secondary 

 School stated that practically all were included in the instruction for the 

 period ending 14 years of age, except such as are postponed for the ages 

 14 to 16. The Head Mistress of Manchester High School reported that such 

 parts are taken as fall within the History syllabus for School Certificate 

 (English History 1783-1914, and European History 1789-1914), while 

 Liverpool Collegiate School said they are taken not as a course but as they 

 arise from the study of Europe. 



It is noticeable that while the Head Master of Bristol Grammar School 

 does not include the parts to which reference is made in the foregoing 

 paragraph and the Head of Sheffield Woodhouse School does, in relation 

 to ' Study of such phenomena as : Rise and Fall of Ottoman Empire ; Rise 

 of Russia ; History of Baltic ; Rise and Fall of Spanish Power and of 

 Dutch Power ; Unification of Germany and Italy,' the former replied 

 ' Yes ' except in reference to ' History of Baltic ' ; and the latter replied 

 ' No ' but thought the ' Rise and Fall of Spanish and Dutch Powers ' 

 might be included. Both take the ' Unification of Germany and Italy ' with 

 pupils 14 to 16. These sections are also taken at Streatham High School 

 and were said to be included by Liverpool Collegiate School in the General 

 and World History Course which is given as a preliminary background for 

 English and European History. 



There is greater unanimity regarding the remaining sections : ' Leading 

 Theories of Individualism, Corporate State, Communism,' and the * History 

 of War.' Streatham High School reported that the first is taught incidentally, 

 but Bristol Grammar School and Sheffield Woodhouse School both stated 

 definitely that it should not be taught as the pupils have not sufficient 

 knowledge on which to base theories. Liverpool Collegiate School reply 

 expressed the opinion that it should only be taken in the Sixth Form ; 

 since if attempted before, the teaching can only be superficial and may 

 be misleading. 



In no instance was the ' History of War ' taught. After stating that it 

 is unsuitable except with Sixth Form, the Head Mistress of Manchester 

 High School proceeded to suggest that it should not be included at all, its 

 place being taken preferably by the 'Achievements of Peace.' 



Subsequent to writing the above report a further reply was received 

 from Dudley Girls' High School. This stated that 'AH the suggested 

 subjects are included in the curriculum, although it is not built round 

 these points but differently grouped, i.e. we do not work solely from this 

 angle and include much that is not mentioned. We lay more stress upon 

 British History.' The periods studied at this school are : To the French 

 Revolution by pupils 11 to 14 years of age ; and from the French Revolu- 

 tion to the present day by pupils between the ages of 14 to 16. 



Geography. . 



The instruction in Geography given in the schools appears to approximate 

 more nearly to Mr. Wells's scheme than does that in any other subject. 

 In Bristol Grammar School it was said that Economic Geography and Geology 

 of the World is covered in an elementary and unpretentious way by the 

 pupils aged 11-14, and most of the other sections might be covered if time 

 allowed. Rugby reported that all of it is included in the syllabus ; Liver- 

 pool that ' all may be included but owing to lack of time some parts of it . 

 may not be reached until the 14-16 stage,' and added, ' This is not on the 

 ground of its unsuitability but simply because time does not allow.' 



Some of the correspondents indicated their method of approach. Thus 



