SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 473 



It is evident that, in the area from Central and West Europe through the 

 Mediterranean to Palestine, the Mousterian, Levalloiso-Mousterian, and 

 the uppermost Levalloisian, probably representing Homo neanderthalensis, 

 lasted from the warm interglacial Riss/Wiirm until the end of the first phase 

 of the Wiirm glaciation. The Aurignacian (as representative of Homo 

 sapiens) everywhere appears before the maximum of the second phase of 

 Wiirm, in most places already during the interstadial Wiirm i /Wiirm 2. 



As lower Aurignacian, however, has been found in a climatically datable 

 position only in Palestine whilst elsewhere deposits identifiable with the 

 interstadial Wiirm i /Wiirm 2 contain developed Aurignacian, it seems that 

 Aurignacian Man did not spread generally in the area under consideration 

 before the middle of this interstadial. It is noteworthy that at least in 

 North France and possibly in parts of middle Italy also, the Middle Palaeo- 

 lithic did not become extinct before the climax of the second phase of the 

 Wiirm glaciation when the Aurignacian had become well established in the 

 remainder of the area. In North France, the section of St. Pierre-les- 

 Elbeuf near Rouen suggests a recurrence of Levalloisian in early Wiirm 2 

 after Upper Palaeolithic Man had visited the locality during the preceding 

 interstadial. 



Dr. D. A. E. Garrod. — A note on the lithic industries of Ehringsdorf 

 and Wallerthevn (2.40). 



Mr. A. L. Armstrong. — The Middle Paleolithic in Rhodesia and 

 South Africa (3.0). 



The Middle Palaeolithic cultures of South Africa have a wide distribution 

 and in general facies resemble those of Europe, but there is evidence, 

 particularly in Rhodesia, that the earlier phases are linked in close associa- 

 tion with the South African Acheulean, and the later ones with the South 

 African Aurignacian. 



Dr. K. P. Oakley. — The earlier Palceolithic flake industries in 

 relation to the Pleistocene sequence in the Thames valley (3.20). 



Since it has been shown that the group of cultures to which the Mous- 

 terian belongs extends far back into the Lower Palaeolithic the application 

 of the term ' Middle ' Palaeolithic has become difficult. This is well 

 illustrated by the cultural sequence in the Thames Valley. 



The earliest flake-industry recognised in the Thames Valley is the Early 

 Clactonian ; this is found in the deposits of the Lower Barnfield stage, from 

 which true bifaces are absent. It may be shown to pre-date the introduction 

 of Middle Acheulean culture into the area. Evolved Clactonian flake- 

 implements, formerly classed as ' Early Mousterian,' are found associated 

 with a late Middle Acheulean industry in deposits which are earlier than the 

 Main Coombe Rock of the Thames Valley. Recent researches in East 

 Anglia by Mr. Reid Moir seem to confirm the identification of the ' Mous- 

 terian ' industry associated with the Main Coombe Rock as Early Leval- 

 loisian. The industries occurring in the series of deposits which succeed 

 the Coombe Rock (i.e. the Crayford Brickearths, etc.) are of Middle Leval- 

 loisian facies. Discoveries in the valleys of the Lea and the Wey indicate 

 that the ' arctic ' peats of Ponders End, etc., are Late Levalloisian, and not 

 Magdalenian as originally supposed. 



