The Growth of Cambridge 



177 



into closer touch with the London market but, in spite of assurances to 

 the contrary, it had a devastating effect on the trade of the Cam ; the long 

 lines of barges carrying coal, wood, and stone soon disappeared. 



Concurrently with die development of communications came the 

 development of industries. Brick and tile works at Cherryhinton and 

 Coldham's Laiae, cement works at Romsey Town, are conveniendy 

 placed near the railway. Flour-milling, sausage-making, brewing and 

 malting occupied increasing numbers, and Chivers' jam factory, opened 

 at Histon in 1873, also drew workers from Cambridge. Printing, an old- 

 established industry in the town, occupied 286 men in 1901 and in 1881 the 

 Cambridge Instrument Company was founded. Building and construc- 

 tion work provided employment for a large number of industrial workers. 



The two main industries, building and printing, together vdth retail 

 trade, are in fact closely connected with University development; and the 

 marked expansion of the University, in the second half of the nineteenth 

 century, was the most important single factor in the growth of the town 

 at this period. The numbers of vmdergraduates rose steadily : 



With this increase went a corresponding increase of teaching and 

 administrative officers. After 1871 the abohtion of reUgious tests by 

 the University and Colleges was, at any rate, one among many causes 

 that lay behind the increase. College buildings became inadequate to 

 house the growing numbers, and the demand for lodgings grew. Then, 

 again, in 1882 came the abolition of the rule that Fellowships must be 

 surrendered on marriage; and the same Statutes decreed that Fellowships 

 were to be conditional on active work in the Colleges or the University, 

 thus necessitating residence in Cambridge. These changes could not but 

 affect the growth of the town; married Fellows needed house accommoda- 

 tion as well as rooms in College and this was doubtless a factor in the 

 development of the residential suburbs. 



THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 



The twentieth-century extensions of area are shown on Fig. 39 for two 

 periods. The first quarter of the century is differentiated from the develop- 

 ment of the last ten years in order to emphasise present tendencies. The 

 period 1901-25 was characterised by rapid development along the main 

 roads ; the last ten years by an attempt to control ribbon development and 

 to fill in the empty areas berween these roads. 



DBA 



13 



