ON THE STATE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 13 



C 7 H 9 O 2 , and derivatives from them containing the same radicles ; and 

 (B) certain substances which behave as though they contained dia- 

 tomic alcohol-radicles, although the corresponding alcohols have not yet 

 been obtained. Among these latter we may mention iodide and biacetate 

 of methylene*; the substances obtained by Wicke| and by Engel- 

 hardtj from chlorobenzol, substances which appear to be the methylate, 

 ethylate, acetate, valerate, benzoate, &c. corresponding to a still un- 



C 7 H 6 1 



known diatomic alcohol, yp > O 2 , isomeric (or identical ?) with sali- 



genine, to which it also seems probable, from the experiments of Engel- 

 hardt§ and Borodine||, that hydrobenzamide, C 2 H 18 N 2 , stands in the 

 same relation that, as has been shown by Hofmannf , Cloez's so-called 

 propylia (properly terethylenamine) does to glycol, or as terethylamine 

 does to alcohol. 

 Formula 3 (derived from 2 by the addition of an atom of oxygen) is 

 representative of glycerine, its derivatives, and their analogues. Among 

 compounds comparable to the derivatives of glycerine are chloroform and 

 analogous substances, such as terchloride of acetyl, C 2 H 3 CI 3 , and the sub- 

 stance C 4 H 7 Br 3 obtained by the action of excess of bromide of phosphorus 

 on butyric acid** ; also the cyanides of the alcohol-radicles if regarded as 



derivatives of ammonia; acediamine, v ^/ *> N 2 ; SchischkofTs ff term- 



troaceto-nitrile, (C 2 (NO 2 ) 3 )"' N, and the substance formed from it by the 

 action of sulphydric acid, having the composition of binitro-acediamine, 



(C H (NO-; ) 1 N2 (" Dinitrammonyl der Essigsciurereihe"), and various 



substances formed by the reaction of pentachloride of phosphorus with 

 monatomic amides, which will be referred to hereafter. 



Formula 4 (derived from 1 by the substitution of O for H 2 ) represents 

 monobasic acids containing O 2 , such as the acids of the acetic, acrylic and 

 benzoic series and their derivatives. To this class of bodies there has been 

 lately added by Dr. Hofmann^, sorbic acid, C e H 8 O 2 (n=6, x=<2.). 



Formula 5 (derived from 4 by the addition of an atom of oxygen) re- 

 presents the acids homologous with carbonic acid, namely glycolic, C 2 H 4 O 3 , 

 lactic, C 3 H 6 O 3 , &c, and acids analogous to these, such as oxybenzoic, 

 C 7 H 6 O 3 , with their derivatives. The list of these acids has recently been 

 increased by the addition of glvoxylic§§ acid, C 2 H 2 O 3 (w=2, x=l), buty- 

 lactic acid || ||, C 4 H 8 O 3 (w=4, x=0), and oxycuminic^C 10 H 12 3 (w=10, 

 #=4). 



(C 2 H 2 O)" 1 

 Among their derivatives are benzo-glycolic acid, C 7 H 5 O >• O 2 , benzo- 



(C 3 H 4 O)" ) 

 lactic acid, C 7 H 5 O [ O 2 , and, in a certain sense, such acids as chloracetic, 



H J 



* Buttlerow, Ann. Chim. Phys. [3] liii. 313. t Ann. Chem. Pharrn. cii. 356. 



t Chera. Gaz. 1857, 424. § Ann. Chem. Pharm. ex. 77. || Ibid. 78. 



^ Proc. Roy. Soc. ix. 150. ** Berthelot, Jahresber. 1858, 280. 



tt Ann. Chira. Phys. [3] xlix. 320. Schischkoff and Rosing, Ann. Chem. Pharm. civ. 249. 



X+ Chem. Soc. Quart. Journ. xii. 43. 



§§ Debus, Ann. Chem. Pharm. c. 1 ; cii. 29. 



Illl Wurtz, Ann. Chem. Pharm. cvii. 197 ; Ann. Chim. Phys. [3] lv. 15G, 4G0. 



1flf Cahours, Ann. Chim. Phys. [3] liii. 338. 



