14 REPORT — 1859. 



CI l \ / CI x \ 



CH'C\(y=(C 2 H 2 0)"; , chlorobenzoic, C 7 H 5 C1 2 = (C 7 tt l 0)"' . 

 H }0) y H )0) 



H }o\ 



sulphacetic*, C 2 H 4 S ! = (C 2 H 2 0)"i and 



i (sot } g 



sulphobenzoic*, / C 7 H G S0 5 = (C 7 H 4 O)". ; also glycocol, 



(S O 2 )" ' 

 K H }0/ 



alanine, leucine, benzamic acid, toluamic acid, cuminamic acid, &c. These 

 last-mentioned substances are intermediate in their properties between deri- 

 vatives of the type H 2 O and those of the type Ii 3 N; they must therefore 



be regarded as deriving from the type rra vj > , that is, as glycolamic, lacta- 



mic, oxybenzamic, oxytoluamic, &c. acids; (e.g. glycocolf, C 2 H 3 N0 2 = 



,}0 



'}N 



) 



(C 2 H 2 0)'' XT J. Hippuric and toluyluricf acids then become respectively 



H }o H }0 



(C 2 H 2 0)"( and (C 2 H 2 0)"' 



C 7 H 5 O l N C 3 H 7 " 



H f H 



: 2 0)" 



Formula 6 (derived from 5 by the addition of an atom of oxygen) repre- 

 sents triatomic acids containing 0\ and their derivatives. The number of 

 substances which are certainly referable to this class is as yet very small ; 

 glyceric J acid, C 3 H 6 O 4 (n=3, x=0), and its homologue, C 2 H 4 0"'(»=2, 

 x=0), formed by the action of oxide of silver on a solution of bibromacetic§ 

 acid, are examples. 



Formula 7 (derived from 4 by the substitution of O for H 2 ) represents 

 monobasic acids containing O 3 , and their derivatives ; for instance, pyruvic 

 acid, C 3 H 4 O 3 (»=3, x=0), pyromeconic acid, C 5 H G O 3 (n=5, x=l), py- 

 romucic acid, C 5 H 4 O 3 (?2=5, a?=2). 



Formula 8 (derived from 7 by the addition of an atom of oxygen) repre- 

 sents the important class of bibasic acids containing O 4 . This class includes 

 oxalic acid and its homologues and analogues. The most recently discovered 

 acids belonging to this group are malonic|| acid, C 3 H 4 O 4 (w=3, #=0), 

 lipicf acid, C 5 H H O 4 (n=5, x=0), anclioic ** acid, C 9 H 16 O 4 (lepargic acid, 

 Wirz) (n=9, x=0), and insolinicft acid, C 3 H 3 O 1 (n=9, #=4). Fumaric 

 acid, C 4 H 4 4 (w=4, x=l,), pyrocitric acid, C i ffO , (»=5,a:=l) ) and 

 camphoric acid, C 10 H 1G O 4 (n= 10, x= 1 ), also belong to this class. 



Formulas 9, 10, 11, 12. Substances which we can confidently refer to any 



* Comp. Kekule, Ann. Chem. Pharm. civ. 141, 149 ; cvi. 150. 



t Kraut, Ann. Chem. Pharm. xcviii. 360. 



X Debus, Ann. Chem. Pharm. cvi. 79; Socoloff, ibid. 95. 



§ Perkin and Duppa, Chem. Soc. Quart. Journ. xii. 6. 



|| Dessaignes, Ann. Chem. Pharm. cvii. 251. 



If Wirz, ibid. civ. 278. ** Buckton, Chem. Soc. Quart. Journ. x. 166. 



ft Hofmann, ibid. ix. 210; Ann. Chem. Pharm. xcvii. 197. 



