ON THE STATE OP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 19 



H }0 CI i 



(C T H7"{ (C 7 H 3 )'"J +HC1 + POCI 5 . 



H ^ +P ci 5 = H / N 



Benzamide. Chloride of benzamidyl 



(Gerh.). 



C 7 H*N 2 S0 3 + PCr = C 7 H 7 N 2 S0 2 C1 + HC1 + P0C1 3 



Sulphobenzamide. Chloride of sulphobenzamidvl. 



H 2 ] 

 (Sulphobenzamide may be derived from the quadruple type H 2 O V by 



2(H 3 N) J 



the substitution of the tetratomic radicle (C 7 H 4 ) iv for W and the biatomic 



{ HH }0 



(G 1 H 4 V V 

 radicle (SO 2 )" for H 2 ; its formula then becomes f >g ^J,, l . The action 



N L HH J 



of chloride of phosphorus upon it is to replace the H 2 O of the type by H CI ; 

 the product of this action may be written 



r HC1 } 



VC H V T 



<■ HH J 



(K) The formation of aldehydes from their corresponding acids by distill- 

 ing their alkaline salts mixed with an alkaline formate * ; e. g. — 



C 7 H 5 K0 2 + CHK0 2 = C 7 H 6 + CK 2 3 



Benzoate of Formate of Benzoic Carbonate of 



potassium. potassium. aldehyde. potassium. 



(L) The substitution of hydrogen for compound radicles contained in 

 organic basest; e.g. — 



C 6 H 5 1 Hi 



c 2 h 5 Ln+h 2 o = C 2 H 5 In+c 6 h 6 o 



C 2 H 3 J C 2 H 3 J Phenylic 



Diethylphenylamine. Diethylamine. alcohol. 



H ) H^ 



C 2 HHN + H 2 = H >+C 2 H e O 

 C 2 H 5 J C 2 H 3 J Alcohol. 



Diethylamine. Ethylamine. 



H >N + H 2 = H>N + C 2 H 6 



C 2 H 5 J H J Alcohol. 



Ethylamine. 



II. Homologous transformations. 



(A) The combination of carbonic anhydride with the compounds of the 

 alcohol radicles with alkali-metals % ; e.g. — 



* Piria, Ann. Chim. Phys. [3] xlviii. 113 ; Ann. Chem. Pharm. c. 104 ; Limpricht, Ann. 

 Chem. Pharm. xcvii. 368; Ann. Chim. Phys. [3] xlviii. 118. 

 t Matthiessen, Proc. Roy. Soc. ix. 118, 635. 



X Wanklyn, Ann. Chem. Pharm. cvii. 125; cxi. 234; Ann. Chim. Phys. [3] liii. 42. The 

 above reaction corresponds closely with that of sulphurous anhydride on zinc-methyl : — 



CH 3 Zn+S0 2 = CH 3 ZnS0 2 . 

 Zinc-methyl. Methylodithionate of line. 



Hobson, Cheni. Soc. Quart. Joum. x. 243; Ann. Chem. Pharm. cvi. 287. 



c2 



