96 report — 1859. 



Newar Tribe (12 skulls). 



The general characters of the skulls of this tribe conform to those of the 

 Indo-European type; but they are all slightly prognathous. They present a 

 regularly-shaped fullish-oval cranium, showing varieties between the two 

 extremes, as to length, of from 7 inches 6 lines (19*0) to 6 inches 4 lines 

 (16*0)*, and, as to breadth, from 5 inches 8 lines (148*0) to 4 inches 11 

 lines (126*0); the broadest cranium being the shortest, viz. 16*0, the nar- 

 rowest being the longest, viz. 19*0. The forehead is narrow, and, in most, 

 low ; but with well-marked varieties in this respect. The cheek-bones are 

 rather prominent in a few skulls. The nasal bones show much variety, from 

 great length and prominence to Ethiopian flatness. The supraciliary promi- 

 nence is generally but little marked. The mentum is rather prominent, but 

 short, except in two skulls, marked " from Saukhmol, Hill-man and woman." 

 The frontal suture is obliterated, and the alisphenoids join the parietals, in all 

 these crania. 



The complexity of the sutural lines is various, being in most rather simple. 



The broad cranium (1 x, x, x, x) belongs to the so-called ' brachycephalic ' 

 type ; the narrow one (1 v,v, v, v) to the ' dolichocephalic ' type. The average, 

 which is also the common breadth, of the cranium, is 5 inches 3 lines (134*0). 



Characters, Varieties, or Anomalies of Dentition. — In the Hill- man, the 

 molar, m 1, has the enamel worn from the summit, and a smooth hollow of 

 dentine is shown : p 4 and m 2 are partially worn, and p 3 and m 3 are slightly 

 worn. In two skulls, the last molar, m 3, is not developed on either side of 

 the mandible. 



Lepcha Tribe (9 skulls). 



The majority of these skulls show a greater prominence of the malar bones 

 than in the Newar tribe ; but whilst one Lepcha (b. e, e, e, e) exhibits a 

 beautiful Indo-European form, another (1 a, a, a, a) closely resembles or 

 repeats the Australo-Papuan type of cranium. The differences, as to 

 length of cranium, range from 7 inches 4 lines (186*0) to 6 inches 4 lines 

 (162*0) ; in breadth, from 5 inches 8 lines (144*0) to 5 inches (128*0) ; the 

 narrowest skull (1 a, a, a, a) here, also, being the longest. We have in this 

 series of skulls both brachycephalic and dolichocephalic types strongly 

 marked — most of them having crania rather of the shorter than the longer 

 oval, when viewed from above. All are more or less prognathous ; those 

 being least so which have least prominent malar bones. The chin is prominent 

 in all. The nasal bones show the same range of variety as in the Newar 

 tribe, ranging from prominence with compression and length, to breadth 

 with shortness and flatness. There is more variety in the prominence of the 

 frontal sinuses and superorbital ridges in the Lepcha than in the Newar 

 tribe. 



The frontal suture is obliterated, and the alisphenoids join the parietals, in 

 all, — in one skull (1 c, c, c, c) by a mere point, in the rest broadly, as usual 

 in Indo-European skulls. The forehead is rather low ; is narrow in some : 

 in one only is it broad in proportion to the cranium. 



Anomalies of Dentition. — In one skull (1 y, y, y) m 3 is wanting in both 

 jaws, in which m 1 and m 2 are worn, and there is no trace of loss of m 3. 

 In another (1 d, d, d, d), the left/? 4, upper jaw, is abnormally small. 



Upon the whole, these Lepcha skulls are to be referred to a low, unedu- 

 cated, and undersized family of the Indo-European race ; but one (1 z, z, z) 

 approaches the ^Ethiopian type, another (1 a, a, a, a) the Australian type ; 



* French decimal system. 



