26 



E. C. ANDREWS 



2. Hanging valleys. — These remarkable topographical features 

 are most pronounced in the dense crystallines of Milford Sound, while 

 in the softer Paleozoic schists of Wakatipu they are reduced almost 

 to insignificance. They possess fairly evenly graded channel slopes 

 almost to their point of discharge into the main stream. This they 

 join either in cascade form or as sheer waterfalls as much as 2,000 

 feet in height. In the crystallines the wall which holds the notching 

 hanging valley is generally possessed of a rectilinear base, the preci- 



FiG. 2. — Preservation Inlet. Dismantled plateau at much lower level than that 

 in Fig. I. Also wide valleys. 



pice which borders the sounds or canyons at these points being 

 continuous across the inter-hanging valley mouths. This gives a 

 most remarkable appearance as contrasted with typically stream- 

 developed areas (Fig. 3). Magnificent examples of these hanging 

 valleys are the Sinbad Valley (Fig. 4), the Stirhng Falls (Fig. 3), 

 and Bowen Falls (Fig. 5). 



3. Rectilinear cliff bases. — These forms are found in the Hollyford 

 and Clinton canyons, but are even more pronounced in Milford 

 Sound (Fig. 6), and the side valleys of the Cleddau, Arthur, and 



