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tion. Most of the keystones dropped only 5 or 6 inches, but some 

 fell out completely. 



There are several strongly built, low, one-story frame houses, 

 of the bungalow type, standing within a few hundred feet of the 

 fault, which scarcely had their plaster cracked, excepting where 

 chimneys fell through. Broken oak trees growing close to these 

 houses indicate the intensity of the shock. This suggests that the 



Fig. 9. — Photograph of arches at Stanford University, showing keystones lowered 

 during the earthquake. These arches were nearly at right angles to the fault-line. 



wave-motion, with its shearing action, was more damaging to walls 

 than a back-and-forth vibration. Another interesting fact in this 

 connection is that most two-story frame buildings at a distance of 

 5 or 6 miles from the fault-hne did not have the plaster cracked 

 on the second floor, although the plaster on the first floor was usually 

 badly cracked and broken. 



Brick buildings at a distance of 10 miles from the fault-line 

 showed the effects of a wave-motion. At Guth Landing, on San 



