4o8 HARRY FIELDING REID 



years, though the amount could not be determined; there is no definite 

 evidence of advance in the southern side of the glacier. One of the 

 Indians who accompanied the expedition was confident that the 

 Hubbard had been advancing for the last ten or twelve years, but 

 this idea does not seem to be well supported by the maps. The 

 Nunatak glacier ends in tide-water with a short arm resting on the 

 land, separated from the main stream by a rocky knoll, which was 

 completely surrounded by the ice when visited by Professor Russell 

 in 1 89 1. Comparison of Mr. Gilbert's photograph of 1889 with one 

 taken in 1905 shows that the tide- water front has retreated almost 

 a mile. The arm resting on the land has also shortened from 200 

 to 400 yards, so that the knoll is now not more than half surrounded 

 by the ice. The Hidden glacier ends some distance from tide- 

 water on a gravel deposit which in places is underlain with ice. The 

 photographs show that this glacier has retreated about one-quarter 

 of a mile. The Cascading glacier near the Nunatak is retreating, 

 as are also many other small glaciers which were examined by Messrs. 

 Tarr and Martin. One remarkable glacier on the west side of Dis- 

 enchantment Bay, whose end is about 1,000 feet above the water, 

 slid out of its bed and was precipitated into the bay on July 4, the 

 day after it had been photographed. The glacial gravels in this 

 region were especially studied, and the late glacial history there 

 corresponds very closely with that made out for Glacier Bay. The 

 great earthquake of September, 1889, which appears to have been 

 central in the neighborhood of Yakutat Bay, and which made a 

 number of faults in that region, has not left any marked changes 

 in the glaciers such as have been observed in Glacier Bay. It is 

 possible that the breaks caused by the earthquake have been made 

 "up since. 



Not very much information has been received regarding Muir 

 glacier, but no changes have apparently taken place. The same 

 report is made regarding the Taku glacier, which apparently is not 

 undergoing any special changes; but photographs taken in 1905 

 reveal a marked advance over the position of the glacier in 1890, 

 as shown by a sketch made that year. Davidson glacier is apparently 

 retreating, but no measures have been made (Davidson). A notice- 

 able recession has taken place in the hanging glaciers in the Chilcat 



