PALEOZOIC ICE-AGES OF SOUTH AFRICA 687 



two, I took the two series bed by bed. I found that both series 

 were characterized by a shale band near the top. In the Table 

 Mountain bed, when it became clear that this series underlay the 

 fossiliferous Devonian Bokkeveld beds, I hoped to find some organic 

 remains, and searched some good exposures in Ceres District fairly 

 thoroughly, but I never came across any bowlders in it. It was not 

 till several years afterward that we found the ice-scratched bowlders 

 in the same bed and along the same range of mountains. 



The Karroo in the southwest is bordered by ranges of mountains 

 which run east and west along the south, and north and south along 

 the west, meeting in a great knot, perhaps as good an example of 

 Suess's Schaarung as exists anywhere. The folds of the southern 

 ranges have been huddled against granite bosses by pressure from 

 the interior, and the rocks have been so compressed that it is hard 

 to distinguish separate beds; on the east, where the granite ends, 

 and the folds have had room to expand seaward, the shale band at 

 the top of the Table Mountain series is again apparent. Owing, 

 however, to the nature of the rock in this band, which allows its 

 more easy disintegration, as compared with the quartzites above 

 and below it, it is, wherever I have seen it, covered with debris, 

 so that I cannot say positively that the glacial beds do not extend 

 eastward, but I do not think they do. 



Following the shale band northward of the junction knot of 

 mountains, the rocks composing it consist of soft slates very finely 

 laminated in places. The quartzites above it are about 500 feet 

 thick, while the band of shale perhaps might be put down at 300 

 feet, the whole Table Mountain series being estimated at 5,000 

 feet. The mountains soon become exceedingly rough and difficult of 

 access, and the slopes become cumbered with debris. Broadly, the 

 mountains are formed by an S-shaped bend, the anticline on the 

 Karroo side, constituting the Cederberg Range, and the syncline 

 holding in its embrace the valley of the Olifants River. At a certain 

 point in the Cederbergen, the Cape Ceder, Callitris (Widdring- 

 tonia) juniperoides is found growing, but not south of this, nor, 

 indeed, anywhere else in the world. Up to this point, from the 

 south, the shale band is not conglomeratic, and in the first road- 

 cutting north of this point the shale band does contain ice-scratched 



