140 



nous slip, which is attached to the skin of the abdomen. The last 

 portion arises fleshy from the tubercle of the tibia, and from the 

 peroneal fascia : and, covering the abdominal muscles, is attached 

 very firmly to the skin of the abdomen, sending off two slips, which 

 unite with their fellows over the central line. 



" The occipito-Jrontalis is small, arising posteriorly from the pan- 

 niculus carnosus, and inserted anteriorly into the frontal bone, just 

 above its junction with the superior maxiUa. The orbicularis palpe- 

 hrariim arises from the anterior part of the orbit, immediately an- 

 terior to the situation of the lachrymal bones, and is inserted into 

 the orbitar process of the temporal bone, from the inferior half of 

 which a muscle arises, passing downwards under the eye, and at- 

 tached to the inferior part of the o'pUc foramen, sending off a slip, 

 which is attached immediately anterior and internal to the orbitar 

 process of the temporal bone. There is most motion in the inferior 

 eyelid. 



" Round the entrance of the external meatus of the ear there are 

 some muscular fibres observable, but as the part was much bruised, 

 1 was unable to separate them : they seem to act as a sphincter. 



" The masseter, temporalis, and pteri/goideus arise as usual, as does 

 also the zygomatic. 



" On the fore part of the neck there are two muscles : one arising 

 from the superior edge of the forculum, near its union with the os 

 coracoides, and from the recurved portion of the coracoid bone, and 

 inserted into the temporalfoscia ; the other arising tendinous from 

 the superior internal part of ihejiirculiim, and attached to the outer 

 and posterior part of the tympanic bone. 



" The tongue has a hyoglossiis and lingualis, as usual. 

 " The muscles of the os hyoides and lower jaw are as usual. 

 " There is only one pair of muscles of voice. 

 " The recti postici and antici, obliqui capitis, splenii capitis et colli, 

 complexi, intertransver sales, interspinales, transversalis colli, spinnles 

 dorsi et colli, trapezius, cucullaris, rhomboideus, biventer cervicis, tra- 

 chelo-mastoideus, longus colli, and scaleni muscles are large and well 

 defined, arising and attached in the same manner as in most short- 

 necked Birds, but especially resembling the muscles of the neck of 

 the Loon; as do also the abdominal muscles, and those for the mo- 

 tion of the dorsal vertebrce, ribs, and tail. 



" The muscles connecting the scapula to the trunk resemble those 

 of the Loon, but have broader attachments, in proportion as the 

 scapula of the Penguin is broader than that of the Bird referred to. 

 " The principal differences are in the muscles of the wing and 

 leg. 



" The muscles of the wing I shall now describe. The pectoralis 

 major arises from the superior part of the crista and the external 

 part of the body of the sternum, from the Jascia of the pectoralis 

 minor, from the cartilages of the ribs, and from the anterior part 

 of the coracoid bone ; over the crista it unites with its fellow of 



