79 



presence of the androconial scales, which in this species, occupy a 

 very considerable area. But the males are not all of the same 

 intensity. The deep black colour of the darkest of the Tyrolean 

 specimens — those from Mendel and the Val d'Ampezzo — is not to 

 be matched by the finest Scotch specimens, for there is scarcely a 

 trace of brown in the intense black of this southern race. The 

 females are also distinctly darker on the whole than the Scotch 

 specimens, but in this respect the Val d'Ampezzo specimens must 

 give place to the large black females from Bregenz which scarcely 

 yield to the dark males in the depth of their tints. There is, how- 

 ever, a paler furm of the female, to be taken with the darkest in 

 every district, which is of a distinctly greyer tone, and the same 

 dimorphic tendency is noticeable in the Scotch females, which are, 

 however, of a distinctly browner tint in both forms. 



The second interesting point for consideration is the variation in 

 the fulvous band. On the fore-wings the most completely banded 

 forms have it extending from the upper branch of the apical nervure 

 to the inner margin of the wing, extending in some few specimens to 

 the anal angle. There is, however, a very strong tendency to con- 

 traction at the lower edge, and the band usually becomes obsolete at 

 some distance above the inner margin. It also fails centrally in 

 some specimens, and then becomes divided into two separate spots. 

 In width, too, there is a very great difference, from over one-fourth 

 to about one-eighth of the width of the wing being the limit. It 

 varies also in colour, being occasionally of an orange tint. The 

 band on the hind-wing is subject to even greater variation. In some 

 female specimens it is broad and continuous from the costa to the 

 anal angle, and it varies from a broad richly coloured continuous 

 band to utter obsolescence, the direction of suppression being the 

 subdivision of the band into separate parts by the spread of the 

 dark ground-colour along the nervures, the separate sections, as they 

 become smaller, form round spots of fulvous colour, gradually lessen- 

 ing in size until they become perfectly obsolete. I have only one 

 specimen truly obsolete in this direction. 



The difference in the size and number of the ocelli is the most 

 interesting line of variation. If the fulvous band on the fore-wing 

 be examined, it will be observed that it runs transversely across the 

 wing, from its origin below the costa to the inner margin, over an 

 area which is occasionally divided into seven portions by the slightly 

 darker nervures. It would appear to be the aim of the most strongly 

 ocellated examples to place an ocellus in eacli of these seven spaces, 

 and occasionally they come very near doing so. The spaces in 

 which these ocellated spots are most frequent are 2, 3, and 5, and 

 since the nervures bounding 2 and 3 are situated closely together, 

 the spots are necessarily brought near together and have a double 

 appearance. I have no specimen which does not possess the double 

 ocellated spot, and only one specimen which does not possess some 

 trace of the spot in section 5, but two others have the trace only on 



