developed condition on the upper side, do not reappear on the 

 under surface, but all the large ocellated spots reappear without loss 

 of size. This is not so on the hind wings, for the ocelli here are 

 always most minute and form a series of white points on the edge of 

 the pale band, scarcely discernible in many specimens. Intermediate 

 forms between those described of course occur, and occasionally 

 aberrational undersides. One striking specimen before me has the 

 central red-brown band inclining to fuscous, which shows up remark- 

 ably well against the purple-grey basal and ocellated bands. 



The forms I exhibit seem to fall naturally into three groups, 

 (i) The large dark form from Gresy-sur-Aix, Bourg St. Maurice, 

 Bregenz, Gais, and Andermatt, and which is probably the character- 

 istic lowland form (up to 2000 or 3000 feet in Central and Southern 

 Europe). This, 1 doubt not, is the true cethiops, and well deserves 

 its name. 



(2) The smaller black (male) from the Val d'Ampezzo, the 

 mountain form of Southern Europe, occurring above 2000 or 3000 

 feet. This shows a tendency to the suppression of the fulvous band, 

 which is often broken up into rounded sections containing the ocel- 

 lated spots. This I would call var. minor. 



(3) The British forms, which do not much exceed the last in wing 

 expanse, but keep complete fulvous bands, and are of a browner 

 hue than the Continental specimens. This might be called var. 

 britannica. 



There can be no doubt that my material distinctly shows these to 

 be three local races, with tendencies to occasionally produce as 

 aberrations the other forms under special conditions. 



Staudinger renames Freyer's (55, 3-4) ncoridas, calling it '^ var. et 

 ab. leucotcEnia,^' and diagnoses it as " subtus fascia albicante," and 

 gives as its range " Carniola, Helvetia (South), Dalmatia, and 

 ? Italy." I take it that this form is not the same as the females with 

 pale banded undersides described above, and which I consider as 

 agreeing more with the typical underside of the male than the 

 ochreous form. Elwes in his " Notes on the genus Erebia " (' Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. Lond.,' 1889, p. 329) appears to have got somewhat mixed, 

 for he gives Boisduval s (Ind., p. 23, Ic, 29, i — 4) neoridas, which 

 Staudinger treats as a distinct species (Cat., p. 26, No 316) under the 

 head of cethiops, overlooking that it is Freyer's neoridas that Staud- 

 inger treats as a var. of the latter species, and says of it, " Var. vel 

 bona species." I would simply here call attention to the fact that 

 it is Freyer's neoridas which Staudinger considers a variety of cethiops, 

 and a suspicion that Erebia neoridas, Bdv., might be possibly con- 

 founded with Ei-ebia cvthiops var. neoridas, Frr., leads one to suppose 

 that this was the reason for Staudinger re-naming the latter, var. 

 leticotmnia. 



Another local race is reported from Armenia. This is the melusina 

 of Herrich-Schaffer, which Staudinger diagnoses as " major, al. omn. 

 fascia rufa lata." A race with a broad red fascia across all the 



