57 



second brood of Zonosoina anmdata at sugar during the third 

 ^eek in August in the woods of N. Kent. 



Continuing the discussion commenced at the last meeting, 

 Mr. Adkin said that he had spent a fortnight at Eastbourne, 

 but had not seen a single example of Colias edusa. Mr. 

 Mansbridge stated that he had been told by a collector that 

 the species was quite common on the east coast ; but Mr. 

 Tutt's son, who had been to Dovercourt for a holiday, had 

 not seen any specimens there. During a month spent in 

 the S.E. of France, Mr. Tutt had only seen some half a dozen. 

 On the Continent he had always found C. hyale, the com- 

 moner insect. It occurred in equal abundance both in 

 elevated districts and in the lowlands. It might be that his 

 holiday fell at a time between the broods, viz. in August. 

 Yet on the Mediterranean littoral the species was un- 

 doubtedly continuous brooded throughout the year. Mr. 

 Walker had stated that about two months was the space 

 of time between the broods. Mr. Mansbridge said that the 

 North American species corresponding to C, edusa, viz. C. 

 ei^ytheine, had three broods — in March, July, and September. 

 Mr. Barrett said that one October, while in Pembrokeshire, 

 he had observed females searching for clover, &c., to deposit 

 their eggs upon. In the same locality, on the following 

 June 4th, the weather being very hot, he found four speci- 

 mens of C. edusa, with their wings not fully dry, and evi- 

 dently just from the pupa. In August of the same year the 

 species positively swarmed ; and again in October there 

 was a partial brood. There seemed thus very good evidence 

 to show that on that occasion the larvae lived in this country 

 throughout the winter. The appearance of the species 

 seemed equally uncertain in Germany, and, in fact, through- 

 out the countries of Central Europe, but along the Medi- 

 terranean littoral the larvae fed throughout the winter. 



Mr. Tutt referred to Pyrameis cardui, and said that although 

 it was stated in entomological works that this species hyber- 

 nated in the imago stage, he had failed to find any direct 

 evidence of such a fact. There was no record of the species 

 being taken during the winter either in this country or on 

 the Continent. In the ' Entom. Mo. Mag.' Mr. Eaton had 

 reported the larvae as feeding during the winter in Algeria. 

 No doubt it was the May brood which immigrated to this 

 country. He also referred to Argynnis adippe, which authors 

 stated passed the winter as a larva, whereas it was now 

 well ascertained that it remained in the egg state through- 

 out the winter. Mr. Barrett quite agreed with Mr. Tutt 



