28 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
to select any other species of the original section as the type of his new 
genus.” Mr. Crotch says (Cist. Ent., 1872) “ No genus can be considered 
defined until its type is indicated,” but when this is not done by the 
original author, I am not inclined to cut the knot by taking the first 
species, but to trace the genus historically until it has a type given to it ;” 
and ‘“‘ Cuvier (1799) gives precision to the old genera by characterizing 
them and indicating their types.” 
Let us apply these dicfa to Vanessa Antiopa as metamorphosed into Pa- 
pilio Antiopa by Mr. Scudder. | He says:—‘‘ The generic name Papilio: 
was applied by Linnæus to all the butterflies at the foundation of the 
binomial system of Nomenclature. Fabricius, in his later works, restricted. 
it to the Nymphales and Pafilionides. Schrank was the next author ~ 
to restrict the name, limiting it, in 1801, to most of the Nymphales.” 
By Rule 5, or by Mr. Kirby’s Rule, the original name having to be 
‘restricted to the typical section, Schrank should have left it with some 
part of the Papilionides of Fabricius, for I suppose no.one can doubt that 
the swallow-tailed butterflies were the typical section of Linnzus 
(Equites), even though his typical species may be in question. Had he 
bound himself by the ornithological dictum, he would also have restricted. 
the name to the Papidionides, Priamus being the typical species. 
By that of Mr. Crotch he would still have been restricted to the 
Papilionides, making 2. Machaon the type, because Cuvier (in 1799) made 
this species the.type of the genus Papi/io (and so it is recognized to-day 
and I hope will be for all future time.) 
But, says Mr. Scudder, “If the laws of priority have any force or 
meaning, I do not see how we can refuse to acknowledge the claims of. 
Schrank. I select, accordingly, from among the species grouped under 
Papilio by Linnæus, Fabricius and Schrank, one of ¢he best known European 
butterflies as most suitable for the type of the genus.” And by this 
curious process, one of the dest known species being selected as the type, 
we get the astonishing creation Papilio Antiopa.—(Seud.) And this is 
equivalent to enunciating another dictum, being the fourth on this head, by 
which the des¢ known species of a genus is to be the typical. Moreover, 
such exceedingly minute definition is given to the new genus that it would 
appear to be impossible that a second species could ever be embraced. 
within it.* 
* I notice that Mr. Scudder speaks of the ‘‘ insufficiency of their generic descrip- 
tions ” being ‘‘ the reproach of Lepidopterists.” Mr. Wallace, on the other hand,, 
