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selected one of the largest twigs, placed it in a glass cylinder 

 with the end of the stalk in water, and kept it in a warm 

 room. From this a moth emerged on 12th December, a full- 

 sized perfect specimen. Thus encouraged I selected ten 

 other twigs, and treated them in a similar manner; from 

 these a perfect moth emerged on ist February, 1889, the 

 other nine showing no signs of coming out during the month. 

 Between the 2nd and 8th of March five of the pupa; left their 

 resinous habitations, fell to the bottom of the cylinder, where 

 they rolled and twisted about in a most lively fashion, but 

 only one of them produced a moth, and that a cripple, the 

 others dying after wriggling about incessantly for six or seven 

 days and nights ; in the meanwhile perfect moths emerged 

 from the four remaining pupae. 



■" The rest of the larvae had been left out of doors through 

 the winter, sheltered from heavy rain, but otherwise exposed 

 to the weather, the twigs on which they were feeding being 

 stuck in the sand kept moistened. On examining them on 

 7th April they were still larvae ; and it was not until the 20th 

 that I found a pupa. Tlie first moth from these emerged on 

 25th May, and the last on 3rd June. The perfect insect, like 

 the larva, appeared to be of very sluggish habit, and when 

 disturbed from the needles on which it rested flew only to the 

 next nearest to settle down again. 



" Having thus traced the insect through its later stages, it 

 may be well before drawing conclusions, to examine its 

 habitation with a view to arriving at its earlier economy. 

 Viewed externally we see a fir twig with the terminal shoot 

 dwarfed or more frequently divided into two or more separate 

 shoots, growing at an angle to the main twig, which has a 

 resinous nodule attached to it, much hidden by the needles, 

 some of the lower series of which often pass through it. If 

 we cut a longitudinal section completely through the twig 

 and nodule, so as to expose their interiors to view (an opera- 

 tion that is easily performed with a sharp knife), we find a 

 series of workings apparently commencing at a point some 

 three-quarters of an inch before the end of the old wood, with 

 a narrow gallery immediately beneath the bark ; this is con- 

 tinued in the direction of growth, gradually widening, but 

 always on the same side of the twig, until it reaches the base 



