& _ Sn hl cl pia 
ADDRESS. Ixxxv 
alleged humanized Chimpanzee or Orang been brought to endure all 
climates? The advocates of ‘transmutation’ have failed to explain them. 
Certain it is that those physical differences in cerebral, dental, and osteolo- 
gical structure, which place, in my estimate of them, the genus Homo ina 
distinct group of the mammalian class, zoologically of higher value than the 
‘ order,’ are associated with equally contrasted powers of endurance of dif- 
ferent climates, whereby Man has become a denizen of every part of the 
globe from the torrid to the arctic zones. 
Climate rigidly limits the range of the Quadrumana latitudinally: crea- 
tional and geographical causes limit their range in longitude. Distinct genera 
represent each other in the same latitudes of the New and Old Worlds; and 
also, in a great degree, in Africa and Asia. But the development of an 
Orang out of a Chimpanzee, or reciprocally, is physiologically inconceivable, 
The order Ruminantia is principally represented by Old World spe- 
cies, of which 162 have been defined; whilst only 24 species have been 
discovered in the New World, and none in Australia, New Guinea, New 
Zealand, or the Polynesian Isles. 
The Camelopard is now peculiar to Africa; the Musk-deer to Africa and 
Asia: out of about 50 defined species of Antelope, only one is known in 
America, and none in the central and southern divisions of the New World. 
The Bison of North America is distinct from the Bison of Europe. The 
Musk-ox alone, peculiar for its limitation to high northern latitudes, roams 
over the arctic coasts of both Asia and America. The Deer-tribe are more 
widely distributed. The Camels and Dromedaries of the Old World are 
represented by the Llamas and Vicugnas of the New. As, in regard to a 
former (tertiary) zoological period, the fossil Camelide of Asia are of the 
genus Camelus, so those of America are of the genus Auchenia. This geo- 
graphical restriction ruled prior to any evidence of man’s existence. 
Paleontology has expanded our knowledge of the range of the Giraffe: 
during miocene or old pliocene periods, species of Camelopardalis roamed in 
Asia and Europe. Passing to the non-ruminant Artiodactyles, geology has 
also taught us that the Hippopotamus was not always confined, as now, to 
African rivers, but bathed, during pliocene times, in those of Asia and 
Europe. But no evidence has yet been had that the Giraffe or Hippo- 
potamus were ever other than Old World forms of Ungulata. 
. With respect to the Hog-tribe, we find that the true Swine (Sus) of the 
Old World are represented by Peccaries (Dicotyles) in the New; and geo- 
logy has recently shown that tertiary species of Dicotyles existed in North as 
well as South America. But no true Sus has been found fossil in either 
division of the New World, nor has a Dicotyles been found fossil in the 
Old World of the geographer. Phacocherus (Wart-hogs) is a genus of the 
Hog-tribe at present peculiar to Africa, 
The Rhinoceros is a genus now represented only in Asia and Africa ; the 
species being distinct in the two continents. The islands of Java and of 
