ADDRESS. XClil 
have refrained from speculating on dwarf-varieties surviving such influences 
as being the origin of existing representatives of extinct giants. A small 
sloth coexisted with the Megatherium, a small armadillo with the Glyp- 
todon, the Apteryx with the Dinornis. 
The aboriginal laws of geographical distribution of plants and animals 
have been modified from of old by geological and the concomitant climatal 
changes ; but they have been much more disturbed by man since his intro- 
duction upon the globe. 
The serviceable plants and animals which he has carried with him in his 
migrations have flourished and multiplied in lands the most remote from the 
habitats of the aboriginal species. Man has, also, been the most potent and 
intelligible cause of the extirpation of species within historic times. 
He alone, with one of the beasts which he has domesticated—the dog—is 
truly cosmopolitan. The human species is represented by a few well-marked 
varieties; and there is a certain amount of correspondence between their 
localities and general zoological provinces: thus the Australian variety of 
man is as well-marked and circumscribed as the Australian. fauna generally ; 
the Papuans of New Guinea present the same difference from, with degree 
of affinity to, the Australians, as we find in comparing the respective faunz 
of Papua and Australia. But, with regard to the alleged conformity between 
the geographical distribution of man and animals, which has of late been 
systematically enunciated, and made the basis of deductions as to the origin 
and distinction of the human varieties, I would submit the following remarks 
as affecting the system referred to*, 
Using Blumenbach’s term in the sense of the later terms ‘ Indo-Enropean’ 
and ‘ Aryan,’ we find the ‘Caucasian’ race extended from Iceland to the 
mouth of the Ganges. There is no corresponding distinction in the animals 
and plants of the Europeo-Asiatic continent, which is bisected by the ob- 
lique line dividing the Mongolian from the Caucasian varieties of mankind. 
The Persian fauna extends into Tartary ; the Himalayan into Thibet. 
As two primary varieties of mankind exist in one great zoological province 
in the Old World, so a third great variety extends over at least two zoolo- 
gical provinces in the New World. All authors divide the North American 
or ‘ Nearctic’ from the South American or ‘ Neotropic’ region, whatever 
class of organic life they may treat of geographically; but the red or 
copper-coloured American is the same, physically and linguistically, to the 
extent of the characteristics of a primary race, from the 60th degree of 
north latitude to the 53rd degree of south latitude. 
The Lapps of Arctic Europe differ linguistically and physically, as a race, 
from the Norwegians and Swedes: the zoological province is essentially one. 
As such it extends over the same parallels of latitude in America, where the 
Mongolian Esquimaux and the American Chippawas inhabit. 
* Agassiz, in Gliddon and Nott’s ‘Types of Mankind,’ 1854; and ‘ Indigenous Races of the 
Earth,’ 1857. 
