100 REPORT—1858. 
described measured 6 lines in length by 3 in breadth. The pneumatic foramina are at 
the back part of the base of the diapophysis. The articular surfaces of the centrum 
retain the transversely extended form, and are simply concave before and convex 
behind, which at once distinguishes the Pterosaurian hind-cervical vertebra from 
that of the bird. 
In the dorsal region the vertebral centrum, retaining its shortness, gains in depth, 
and presents the more usual proportions of cup-and-ball reptilian vertebra. The 
under surface is smooth and even, very slightly concave lengthwise, convex trans- 
versely. The parapophysis disappears, and the diapophysis, which alone supports 
the rib, after the first or second dorsal, is sent off from a higher position in the 
neural arch. 
Sacrum.—The Woodwardian Museum contains a specimen of the bodies of three 
anchylosed sacral vertebrz, the first being demonstrated by part of its anterior con- 
cave articular surface for the last lumbar vertebra. The groove for the passage 
of the nerve notches the back part of the parapophysis, close to the line of suture 
with the second sacral. In this vertebra the corresponding nerve-notch is more 
advanced, leaving a short sutural surface behind, indicative of a position of the neu- 
ral arch crossing for a short extent the line of junction of the second with the third 
sacral centrum. ‘The parapophyses of the second and third vertebra are sent off 
almost on a level with the lower surface of the centrum, which is flattened. 
The fore-part of the sacrum of a much larger Pterodactyle, from the Cambridge 
Greensand, differing also in the less transverse convexity of the under part of the 
first centrum, measures 11 lines across the shallow anterior articular concavity, and 
14 lines from the lower part of the centrum to the fore-part of the base of the neural 
spine. The neural canal is circular and 2 lines in diameter ; above it the neural arch 
rises like a vertical wall for 5 lines, where the spine has been broken off. 
Caudal Vertebre.—From the number of elongated caudal vertebre in the series of 
fossils from the Cambridge Greensand submitted to the author—not fewer than 
seven—he believes the large Pterodactyle from that formation to have had a long 
tail, but moveable, not stiff through anchylosis of the vertebrie, as in Pier. (Rampho- 
rhynchus) Gemmingi, V. Meyer. 
PreropactyLus SEpGwickiI, Owen.—This species is founded on a specimen 
of the fore-part of the upper jaw, containing the first seven sockets of the teeth, ina 
few of the anterior of which the base of the tooth is retained. The first two sockets 
open upon the obtuse extremity of the jaw, and have a direction showing that their 
teeth projected obliquely forward, so as to prolong the prehensile reach of the jaw; 
the second and third sockets are the largest, and cause a slight transverse swelling ; 
the fourth is suddenly smaller, and the three following retain nearly the same size, 
or show a slight increase as they pass backward. The apertures of the sockets are 
elliptic, with the long axis extending obliquely from before outward and backward, 
not parallel with the axis of the jaw. The interval between the two sockets is about 
half the long diameter of each. The anterior termination of the jaw is obtuse; the 
sides are smooth, flat, converging at an acute angle to what almost forms a ridge 
above; the jaw gradually increases in vertical diameter as it proceeds backward, 
the upper contour being straight as far as it can be traced in the fossil. The palatal 
surface is entire, narrowest between the second sockets, suddenly broader and flat 
between the third pair, retaining about the same breadth, but with a slight convexity 
and feeble indication of a median ridge in the rest of its extent. 
The Pterosaurian nature of this fossil is shown by the extreme thinness of the 
compact bony wall of the jaw; its relation to the genus Péerodactylus, as contra- 
distinguished from the Rhamphorhynchus, V. Meyer, is proved by the terminal posi- 
tion of the sockets; and sufficient of the outer side-wall of the jaw is preserved to 
show that the nostril did not advance so far forward as in Dimorphodon—the generic 
form of Pterodactyle from the lower lias. 
By its size and true or proper pterodactyle affinities, the present specimen most 
resembles Péerodactylus Cuvieri, Owen, from the Chalk of Kent; but it offers the 
following well-marked differences—a greater proportional size of the anterior sockets 
with a corresponding expansion of the fore-part of the jaw; a greater number and 
closer arrangement of the sockets; a greater depth of the jaw, in proportion to the 
breadth of the palate. The extent of the jaw, e. g., containing the first seven sockets 
» fo 
