106 REPORT—1858. 
Yellow Sandstone of Stratheden and Elgin. 
[ Rea Pebbly Sandstones of Perth, Forfar, and Berwickshire, 
| Dark Flagstones of Caithness and Orkney. 
Otp Rep Sanpstone2 Great Conglomerates and Pebbly Sandstones. 
| Greyish Red Flagstones of Forfar, Perth, &c. 
Trappean Conglomerate and Gritstones (thick-bedded . 
and fissile), flanking the South Grampians. 
Upper Silurians of Lanarkshire. 
ae es Middle Silurians of Ayrshire. 
ese") Tower Siluriaus of Peebles and Roxburgh. 
*,* Zone of unfossiliferous grauwacke. 
Clay-Slates (with and without cleavage). 
pepe pap teeth Chloritic and Micaceous Schists. 
sdk ial “ts ) Hornblende Schist and Quartzitie Group. 
Gneiss and Granitoid Schists. 
On a recently-discovered Ossiferous Cavern at Brixham, near Torquay. 
By W. Pencetty, F.G.S. 
Notice of some Phenomena at the Junction of the Granite and Schistose 
Rocks in West Cumberland. By Professor Puicuies, LL.D., PRS. 
The author referred in the first place to some excellent observations—the only ones 
he had met with—of Professor Sedgwick on the little visited region of slate and gra- 
nite in the extreme south-west of Cumberland. Following in his steps, Prof. Phillips 
had found an extremely interesting variety of phenomena, from which a few were 
selected for the present communication, and illustrated by maps and sections, 
He described three orders of phenomena, all due to some form of heat action, 
observed by himself in the slate district of Black Comb, and on the north-west 
border of that mountain. In the mountain of Black Comb, the black slates, much 
contorted, are not in a metamorphic state. Several dykes or interposed bands 
of granite (elvan) lie in the slates of the north-western part of Black Comb; they 
very slightly affect the condition of the slates, Round a considerable part of Black 
Comb the green slate series is metamorphic, and the series of changes is such, that 
from unaltered slate at one end, new structures appear and augment (not very regu- 
larly), so as at the other end to complete a green or black porphyry. Agate con- 
cretions appear in some places in long pipes parallel to cleavage dip, This remark- 
able series of changes is traced with great precision in a bold narrow ridge of rock 
near Bootle, one end of which almost touches the black slate, the other is met by a 
tongue of granite. Near the junction the granite is hornblendic (syenite) ; it enters 
the metamorphic series in veins of fissure, and produces on that series further small 
changes of colour and texture apparently proportioned to the mass of the introduced 
rock. Thus in one district, possibly due to one general cause, the earth’s internal 
heat, but operating through long time, under different conditions, three distinct orders 
of phenomena appear, for each of which a special investigation is necessary, and to 
which, when fully understood, a special explanation may be applied. 
On the Hematite Ores of North Lancashire and West Cumberland. 
By Professor Puituirs, LL.D., F.RS., and Mr. R. Barker, Jun. 
Prof. Phillips embodied in his remarks on the iron-ores of North Lancashire, the 
substance of a communication from Mr. R. Baker, jun., ‘On the Hematite Deposits 
of West Cumberland.’ The districts of North Lancashire and West Cumberland, to 
which reference was made, were rich in deposits of peroxidated iron ore, and were 
now producing, probably, not less than one million of tons per annum. Notwith- 
standing their value, they had not been carefully examined until a recent period, but 
some interesting geological phenomena had now been observed, which threw consider- 
able light on the age of the iron-ore formations of West Cumberland and North Lan- 
cashire. ‘The iron ore of these districts was found in immediate connexion with 
