126 ’ REPORT—1858. 
On a New Species of Laomedea ; with Remarks on the Genera Campanularia 
and Laomedea. By the Rev. T. Hincxs, B.A. ' 
A new British species of Laomedea was described under the name of L. angulata, 
which is remarkable as being the only member of this genus yet discovered, in which 
the reproductive capsules are not axillary, but originate from the creeping fibres. 
Mr. Hincks also described a remarkable variety of Campanularia Johnstoni (Alder), 
which is branched, and bears capsules on the pedicle as well as on the fibre. In 
these two forms, the supposed distinctive characters of Laomedea and Campanularia 
are intermingled. ‘There was not, indeed, a single constant character that could be 
relied upon for the separation of the two genera, and he therefore proposed, with 
Van Beneden, to range both branched and simple forms under Campanularia, aban- 
doning the genus Laomedea. One section, however, of Campanularia seemed to him 
entitled to distinct generic rank ; that which includes the small and (for the most part) 
sessile species, and for this he proposed the name Calicella. 
On three New Species of Sertularian Zoophytes. By Josuua AupER, of 
Newcastle-on- Tyne. Communicated by the Rev. Toomas Hincxs. 
The first was a Plumularia of well-marked characters, discovered by Mr. Alder, 
near low-water mark, at Cullercoats, on the Northumberland coast : in habit it very 
much resembled a Halecium, but with ovicapsules similar to those of Campanularia 
Johnstoni. It was named Plumularia halecioides. The second species described was 
a Haleciwm from deep water on the same coast, for which the name of H. labrosum 
was proposed. The third, a foreign species, was found parasitic on gulf-weed from 
the Atlantic, and was named Halecium nanum. The paper was illustrated by draw- - 
ings of the several species. 
On the Homology of the Skeleton. 
By G. M. Humpnry, Surgeon to Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge. 
Having lately been engaged in lecturing and writing upon the Human Skeleton, 
the author has carefully investigated the whole subject of its homology, in relation to 
the skeletons of the various vertebrate classes, and in relation to its development and 
connexion with the nervous system. ‘Ihe conclusions at which he arrives differ, in 
some particulars, from those of Prof. Owen, more especially with regard to certain 
. bones of the skull, such as the temporal bone, and the components of the anterior 
or nasal vertebra. His views, and the arrangement he proposes, are set forth in the 
accompanying Table I. In Table II. the bones are placed according to the plan of 
Prof. Owen; the differences between the two being indicated by italics. He consi- 
ders that the pelvis consists of the hemal elements of two sacral yertebrz ; that the 
scapular arch consists of the hemal elements of two cervical vertebre ; and that the 
limbs are appendages diverging from the points of junction of the hemal spines with 
the hemal ale. The key to the comparison of the fore limbs with the hinder—a 
subject of much difficulty to anatomists—is furnished by the fact that the limbs are 
placed at the anterior and posterior ends of the trunk; and that consequently the 
opposed surfaces of their upper segments, as well as of the pelvis and scapula, are 
made to correspond ; that is, the anterior aspect of the hinder limb corresponds with 
the posterior aspect of the fore limb. This disposition of the parts takes place du- 
ring development. At first, each limb is nearly straight; the hands and feet bud out 
from the sides of the trunk; the palms and soles look downwards ; and the thumb 
and the great toe look forward. Subsequently, each limb undergoes a quarter turn, 
but in opposite directions, The anterior limb is rotated, on its axis, backwards; the 
posterior limb is rotated, on its axis, forwards; the ilium and femur slant, forwards, 
from the hip; and the scapula and humerus slant, backwards, from the shoulder ; 
the knee bends forwards; and the elbow bends backwards. In the anterior limb, 
however, a rotation of the distal segments takes place, when the hand is pronated, in 
an opposite direction to that which has occurred in the proximal segments; and pro- 
nation is the easiest position to man, and is the ordinary position with most other 
animals. 
