164 -- REPORT—1858, 
He felt justified in estimating the wages of operatives in the woollen manufacture 
at not less than 12s. 6d. per week on the average for men, women, and children; and 
this for 150,000 workers, would give an aggregate of £4,875,000 per annum. Mr. 
Baines then explained some circumstances relative to the Leeds clothing district, 
especially the great quantity of low woollens made in the Batley district, chiefly from 
shoddy or mungo, which was wool made from tearing up woollen rags and also from 
the waste of the woollen mills. He said that in drawing to a conclusion he must 
endeavour to estimate the annual value of the woollen manufacture of the kingdom. 
Uncertain as were several of the important elements in the calculation, he felt con- 
siderable confidence, arising out of the abundance of the materials before him, the care 
with which he had tested them, and the coincidence of several methods of calculation 
in bringing about the same result. The constituent parts of the value of the woollens 
manufactured in the United Kingdom were, Ist., the value of the raw material; 2nd, 
the value of other articles essential to the manufacture; 3rd, the wages paid to the 
workpeople ; and 4th, the sum left to the capitalist for rent, repairs, wear and tear of 
machinery, interest of capital, and profit. His estimate was as follows :— 
Value of the Woollen Manufacture. 
1. Raw material— 
Ibs. £ 
75,903,666 Foreign and Colonial wool.........e.ceeeees CVO RE Ag? 
80,000,000 British wool, at 1s. 3d. per Ib. ......cecececeeseceecese 5,000,000 
45,000,000 Shoddy and Mungo— 
50/000 000'Tbs, UEBIa! 14 hey. wee 
15,000,000 Ibs. at 42d. ........... ale ot } 809,970 
Cotton warps, 1-50th of the wool ........ Bassdeidions Fen los weesee 206,537 
2. Dye wares, oil, and soap ........ecesgescsccecees veeveeee 1,500,000 
3. Wages— 
150,000 workpeople, at 12s. 6d. per week ......... . 4,875,000 
4, Rent, wear and tear of machinery, coal, repairs, interest on capital, 
and profit—20 per CONti is ccsiec svcd es ccaecuss cnn skha site MOeyBeIgGRD 
Dotaleun ye chee ere cua tes Oe 
He would only, in conclusion, recommend the members of the British Association 
to inspect the Exhibition of Local Industry now open in this town, where they would 
be able in some measure to judge of the industry and skill of our manufacturers; and 
would express a hope that those manufacturers would never rest satisfied with any 
position they might have attained, but, stimulated and warned by what they had seen 
in the Great Exhibitions of London and Paris, would remember that they only held 
their prosperity on the condition of unceasing improvement. 
On the Rate of Mortality in the Metropolitan Improved Dwellings for the 
Industrial Classes. By Joseru Bateman, LL.D. 
On the Sanitary and Industrial Economy of the Borough of Leeds. 
By R. Baxer, Factory Inspector. 
In the year 1080, Leeds proper was a farming village, with an estimated population 
of somewhat less than 300, including 27 villeins and four soke men; and the manor 
consisted of about 1000 acres. In 1081, it had a priest, a church, and a mill, of the 
yearly value of 4s., and ten acres of meadow. In 1858, it has a population of 112,945 
souls, engaged in more varied works than, perhaps, those of any other town in the 
kingdom. Bede, in 735, calls Leeds, Leodys, and the Domesday Survey, Leedes; 
and Thoresby says it was one of the 28 cities of ancient Britain mentioned by 
Nennius, and called the city of ‘ Loid in the Wood.” The out-townships, as they 
are called, are said to derive their names ;—Ist. Hunslet, from ‘ Hunde” a dog, 
and “Slet” a house, because of the number of dogs which were formerly kept there. 
Its population is employed in the manufacture of flax, woollens, iron, glass, wire, glue, 
os we ve use cea nen ee20,290;079 
