TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 209 
Some Account of Lewis Paul and his Invention of the Machine for Spinning 
Cotton and Wool by Rollers, and his claim to such invention, to the exclu- 
sion of Jolin Wyatt. By Roserr Core, S.A. 
On an Apparatus for laying down Submarine Telegraphic Cables. 
By H. Conyzearg, CLE. 
This invention consists in the construction of machinery composed of a resilient and 
articulated series of segments or frames, which extend from the stern of a vessel 
employed in the submerging of submarine telegraph cables, and over which machine 
the cable is to be paid out, being delivered from a trumpet-mouth shaped congeries 
of friction rollers, situated at the outer extremity of the frame furthest from the stern, 
in which machinery the resiliency decreases gradually from that part of the apparatus 
next to the stern, to the extreme outer end thereof. The articulated joints or seg- 
ments of the apparatus are formed of frames, each frame, starting from the stern, 
being smaller than that supporting it. Strong springs, such as coach-springs, fixed 
to one frame and linked to the farther extremity of the vessel, are employed to give 
resiliency to the articulations between each frame and that next to it, and the frame 
furthest from the stern terminates in a semi-conoidal ur trumpet-mouth shaped 
debouchure, consisting of rings of friction rollers breaking joint with each other, and 
so arranged as to present a rolling surface of moderate curvature to the escaping 
cable, at whatever angle with the course of the ship it is compelled by side currents 
or Jee way to quit the apparatus. 
Over this resilient and articulated series of frames is a rigid spur of wood or metal, 
having suspended from it, outward, as many pulleys as there are joints in the appa- 
ratus last described. An equal number of pulleys is provided inboard. A rope or 
chain is connected to the extremity furthest from the stave of each joint, then toa 
spring, or not, as deemed necessary ; and then, passing over one of the outboard pul- 
leys and one of the inboard, in the rigid beam is attached to a spring apparatus, so 
arranged as to give a resiliency- graduated according to the position of such particular 
piece in the series. 
This spring apparatus consists of a series of wheels and axles. The resilient springs 
act on the axles in each case, and the ropes or chains leading to the various parts of 
the laying apparatus are attached to the wheels. The ratio of the diameter of the 
wheel to the axle varies in each case, according to the amount of resiliency re- 
quired by the particular joint or frame of the fishing-rod apparatus, with which such 
wheel and axle are connected. Thus, as the delivery extremity of the apparatus is 
required to be moved through a comparatively large space by the exertion of a com- 
paratively small strain, the ratio of the wheel to the axle in the resilient apparatus 
pertaining to this end frame is consequently greater than in that pertaining to any 
of the frames nearer the stern; and thus a graduated resilience is obtained. 
On Expanding Pulleys. By Mr. Coomse. 
This paper has been prepared at the request of Mr. Fairbairn, the President of the 
Section, the pulley itself having been carefully examined by Prince Albert at the time 
of his visit to the Exhibition of Local Industry, and by him warmly approved. A 
pretty correct idea of these pulleys may be formed by supposing two cones cut with 
radial spaces alternating with solid parts, so that the solid parts in one may slide 
freely into corresponding spaces in the other, in the direction of a common axis. 
The sizes of these radial sections are so regulated, that when the two cones are put 
together they form a grooved or V-pulley, the diameter of which varies according to 
the position they occupy with regard to each other. The expanding pulleys were 
first designed for the purpose of giving the varying motion to the bobbins in flax and 
tow roving frames, to which it is applicable with great advantage from the accuracy 
of its action and the small space which it occupies. 
On Reaping Machinery. By Avrrep Crosski1t, of Beverley. 
After alluding to a paper read on this subject in the year 1853, which contained an 
