INDEX I. 
of Scotland, 104; on the relations of 
the metamorphic and older palzozoic 
rocks in Scotland, 105. 
- Palliser (Capt. J.) on the physical geo- 
graphy of the country examined by 
the expedition exploring the south- 
western regions of British North Ame- 
rica, 153. 
Paul (Lewis), account of, and his invention 
of the machine for spinning cotton and 
wool by rollers, 208. 
Peach (C. W.) on some peculiar forms of 
spines found on two species of the spini- 
grade starfishes, 128. 
Peckitt (Henry) on earthworms and larvee 
of an undescribed species found in 
draining a field upon his estate, 129, 
Pengelly (W.) on .a recently discovered 
ossiferous cavern at Brixham, near 
Torquay, 106; on an ichthyolite found 
in the Devonian Slates of LE, Cornwall, 
223 ; on the trilobite found at the Knoll 
Hill, Newton Abbott, 224, 
Penny postage, on the importance of a 
colonial, 177. 
Penrhyn, photographs of quarries near, 
showing the structure of granite, 80. 
Perihelia, on the, 27. 
Perkin (W. H.) on the purple dye ob- 
tained from coal-tar, 58. 
Petals, on the colours of, 115. 
Petzval (Prof.) on his new combination 
lens, 13. 
Phillips (Prof.) on some phzenomena at 
the junction of the granite and schistose 
rocks in West Cumberland, 106; on the 
hematite ores of North Lancashire and 
West Cumberland, ib. 
Phosphorus, on some optical properties of, 
15. 
Photographs:—chromatic, 57; of quarries 
near Penrhyn, showing the structure of 
granite, 80; of the Quarry of Rowley 
Rag, at Park Hill, Walsall, 93. 
Photography, on a new, cheap, and per- 
manent process in, 18; on the choice 
of subject in, 66. 
Phthisis in the army, on, 189. 
Physiology, 134. 
Planets, on the ascending nodes of the, 
27. 
Plants, on the geological distribution of, 
in some districts of Yorkshire, 115; on 
the epidermal cells of the petals of, 
119; of the oolitic moorlands, on the, 
224, 
5 le on the atlas and axis of the, 
8. 
Pogson (Norman) on the ocular crystal 
micrometer, 19; on a new variable star 
235 
(R, Sagittarii) discovered with the five. 
foot Smythian telescope of the Hart- 
well House Observatory, 29. 
Potash, on electrical discharges as ob- 
served in highly rarefied carbonic acid 
in contact with, 50; on some double 
salts formed with bichromate of, 66. 
Power (Dr. J. A.) on myrmecophilous 
Coleoptera, 129. : 
Prévost’s theory of exchanges, on experi- 
ments on radiant heat involving an 
extension of, 23. 
Prices, on the history of, of 1857 and 
1858, 194. 
Printing press, on a universal, 220. 
Pteraspis, on the genus, 82, 
Pterodactyle, on a new genus of, 97, 98, 
Pugh (Dr.) on a new method for the 
quantitative estimation of nitric acid, 
64, 
Pulleys, expanding, 209. 
Punctum centrale, on the structure of 
the retina at the, 141. 
Quadrupeds, on the anatomy of the brain 
in some small, 128, 
Railways:—on the formation of a, from 
the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, 
through British N. America, 154; fi- 
nancial prospects of British, 172; ona 
new method of constructing the per- 
manent way and wheels of, 203; on 
recent improvements in signals, 223, 
Rankin (Rev. T.), meteorological obser- 
vations at Huggate for 1857, 38; on 
animal ammonia, its formation, eyo- 
lution, and office, 65. 
Reaping machine, 209. 
Refraction, on, 38. 
Rennie (G.) on the construction of floating 
and fixed batteries, 220. 
Retina, on the duration of luminous im- 
pressions on certain points of the, 6 ; on 
vision through the foramen centrale of 
the, 7; on the structure of the, at the 
punctum centrale, 141. 
Reynolds (R.) on the practical applica- 
tion of aluminium, 66, 
Robinson (Sir G.) on moon blindness, 
19; 
Rocks, on a method of observation ap- 
plied to the study of some metamorphic, 
48; on the jointed structure of, 83; 
on the geology of the Lake District, in 
reference especially to the metamorphic 
and igneous, 84; on recent researches 
among the older, of the highlands of 
Scotland, 94; on the age and relations 
of the gneiss, in the N, of Scotland, 96; 
