93 



canines and incisors, are compactly arranged in close contiguity witli 

 each other. 



" I have re-examined witli much interest several crania of imma- 

 ture Orangs, in order to ascertain if any of these might be the young 

 of the species in question ; but they have all presented the crowns 

 of the permanent molares of too large a size, — of a size which shows 

 that the great Pongo, either of Wurmb or Abel, represents their adult 

 state*. And these immature crawta also indicate the condition to 

 which they are destined to attain by the size of the orbits, which 

 exceeds that of the orbits of the S. Morio, the eye having, like the 

 brain, already in the young Poncjos acquired its full size. 



" That the cranimn of the Simia Morio here described, belonged 

 to an adult is proved by the small interval between the temporal 

 ridges at the crown of the skull, corresponding to the extensive sur- 

 face of origin of the crotophyte muscles ; and by the obliteration of 

 the intermaxillary sutures : that it belonged also to an aged indivi- 

 dual is highly probable from the extent to which the teeth are worn 

 down, and from the obliteration, notwitlistanding the absence of in- 

 terparietal and lambdoidal crests, of the sagittal and lambdoidal su- 

 tures. 



" The cerebral portion of the skull of Simia Morio equals in size 

 that of the Pongo, and indicates the possession of a brain at least as 

 fully developed as in that species, while the maxillary portion is pro- 

 portionally smaller ; so that, as the cranium rises above the orbits, 

 and is, like that of the Pongo, more convex on the coronal aspect 

 than in the Chimpanzee, and wants the prominent supraciliary ridge 

 which characterizes the African Orang, it presents in the Simia Morio 

 altogether a more anthropoid character. 



" There are, however, the rudiments of the ridges which so re- 

 markably characterize the cranium of the mature Pongo. Those 

 which commence at the external angle of the frontal bone pass back- 

 wards, upwards, and slightly converge, but do not meet ; they gra- 

 dually diminish in breadth, and, after passing the coronal suture, 

 subside to the level of the skull ; they are then only traceable by a 

 rough line, which leading parallel to the sagittal suture, and gra- 

 dually bending outwards, rises again to be continued into the 1am- 



* The permanent teeth in the Bornean and Sumatran Pongoa so closely 

 covrespond in size and shape that I am unable to refer the crawia of the 

 immature Orangs which I have hitherto examined to either species exclu- 

 sively from comparison of the crowns of the concealed permanent teeth; 

 in speaking of the immature specimens of the great /'0H//0, I therefore use 

 the term Simia Satyrus; in comparing the Simia Morio with the adult, 

 Pongo, I would be understood as always referring to the Bornean species, 

 with check-callosities, or the Simia JFurmbii of Fischer. If the specific dif- 

 ferences of Simia IFunnbii and Simia Ahelii be admitted, the term Simia 

 Satyrus must merge into a synonym, as having been applied indiscriminate- 

 ly to the young of both these large Orangs. In each case, the generic term 

 Simia is applied in the restricted sense in which it is used by Erxlcben in 

 his ' Systema Regni Animalis,' 8vo, 1777, and with which the term Pilhecus, 

 tubstituted by Geoffrey for tlie genus of Orangs, is synonymous. 



