10» 



*61. FringiUa Calebs, Linn. Very common in tlie Levant. 



62. FringiUa Montifringilla, Linn. Occurred during the winter. 

 *63. FringiUa Serinus, Linn. Gregarious during the winter. As- 

 sembles in large flocks, which chirp incessantly in a small low note. 



64. Coccothraustes Chloris, Flem. Common. 



65. Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. Smyrna. 

 Q6. Corvus Corax, Linn. Smyrna. 



67. Corvus Cornix, Linn. Common near Smyrna. 



68. Corvus Monedula, Linn. Common near Smyrna. 



Obs. The common Rook was not noticed, and I do not believe that 

 it exists in the country. 



69. Pica caudata, Ray. Common in the Levant. 



*70. Garrulus melanocephalus, Bonelli. This bird was first described 

 by M. Gen^ in the Memoirs of the Academy of Turin, vol. xxxvii. 

 p. 298, PI. L, from specimens in the Turin Museum, received from 

 Lebanon. It is common in the vicinity of Smyrna, and its note and 

 habits are identical with those of the European Jay, whose place it 

 supplies. 



*7 1 . Siita syriaca, Ehrenb. Frequents the open hills near Smyrna, 

 where it is seen climbing up the masses of rock, or perched on their 

 summits. It never is seen on trees. The note is a loud clear 

 warble. 



*72. Sitta europaa, Linn. Inhabits the groves of aged olive trees 

 which aboimd in the bottoms of the valleys. The specimens are 

 smaller than British ones, but not otherwise distinguishable. 

 73. Upupa Epops, Linn. Seen at Hushak in April. 



*74. Alcedo ispida, Linn. Common. 



*75. Alcedo rudis, Linn. This bird may often be seen in the salt- 

 water marshes west of Smyrna. It never seems to follow the rivers, 

 but always remains near the coast. It sometimes hovers for several 

 minutes, about 10 feet above the water, and then drops perpendicu- 

 larly on to its prey. 



76. Picas martius, Linn. I saw a specimen of this bird in the 

 possession of Mr. Zohrab at Broussa. It was shot in the pine forests 

 of Mount Olympus. 



*77. Picus major, Linn. Common near Smyrna. 



*78. Cuculus canonis, Linn. Smyrna, in April. 



79. Phasianus colchicus, Linn. Common near Constantinople on 

 both sides of the Bosphorus. It has probably migrated thither spon- 

 taneously from Colchis, its native country. 



80. Francolinus vulgaris. Occurs in the marshes of the Hermus 

 and the Cayster, whence it is sometimes brought to market at 

 Smyrna. 



*81. Perdix saxatilis, Meyer. Abundant im the hills round Smyrna. 



82. Coturnix dactylisonans. Remains near Smjmaa during winter. 



83. Columha Palumbus, Linn. Smyrna. 



84. Columba JEnas, Linn. Smyrna. 



*85. Columba Turtur, Linn. Smyrna, in April. 



*86. Columba cambayensis. Lath. This bird inhabits the Turkish 

 burial-grounds at Smyrna and Constantinople, which are dense forests 

 of cypress trees. It is strictly protected by the Turks, and it was 



