from the paunch to below the brim of the pelvis : on raising it a fold 

 of the colon appeared immediately below the paunch towards the left 

 side ; below this were several convolutions of the small intestines ; 

 the obtuse blind end of the ccecum made its appearance in the left 

 hypogastric region, and below there was another portion of the 

 great colon. 



In the male the abdominal viscera presented nearly the same ap- 

 l^earances ; on raising the paunch the spiral coils of the colon (cha- 

 racteristic of the Ruminants) came into view, together with the rest 

 of the jejunum and ilium, upon the removal of which the third and 

 fourth stomachs, and the small liver wholly confined to the right of 

 the mesial plane, were exposed. 



The spleen, as usual in the Ruminantia, had its concave surface 

 applied to the left side of the first stomach or rumen. 



The pancreas extended transversely behind the stomach within 

 the posterior duplicature of the omentum from the spleen to the 

 duodenum. 



The kidneys occupied the usual position in the loins, the right 

 one a little more advanced than the left ; their figure was rounded 

 and compact, as in the Deer and Antelopes, and they were not ex- 

 ternally lobated as in the Ox. 



The cells of the reticulum, as in the Reindeer, were extremely shallow, 

 their boundaries appearing only as raised lines ; but there was the same 

 form and grouping of the cells as obtains throughout the Ruminants 

 generally, the arrangement being that by which the greatest number 

 are included in the least possible space. 



The folds of the jjsalterium resembled those of most other Rumi- 

 nants, each two narrow folds having alternately placed between 

 them one of great and one of moderate breadth. 



In the fourth stomach the ru(/(E of the digestive membrane were 

 slightly developed, and chiefly longitudinal ; the pylorus was pro- 

 tected by a valvular protuberance placed above it just within the 

 stomach. 



Theduodenum,which was dilated at the commencement, received the 

 biliary and pancreatic secretions about ten inches from the pylorus. 



The small intestines were rather tightly bound to the spine in 

 short coils by a narrow mesentery ; their diameter was about four 

 inches. 



The ilium ceases to be convolute towards its termination, ascend- 

 ing in a straight course, and entering the ccecum near the root of the 

 mesentery. 



The ccecum was a simple cylindrical gut, as in other Ruminants ; 

 its circumference about six inches. 



The disposition of the colon resembled that of the Deer ; it ex- 

 tended about eight feet before the spiral turns commenced, there it 

 narrowed, and the separation of the faces into pellets began at this 

 point. The coils were not in exactly the same plane, but formed a 

 depressed cone, with its concavity next to the mesentery, on the left 

 of which the coils were disposed. There were four complete gyra- 

 tions in one direction, having the same number of reverse coils in 



