13 



should be called sterno-maxillaris, its insertion being by a slender 

 tendon into the inner side of the angle of the jaw, after continuing 

 fleshy to within a foot of its place of attachment. 



The scaleni muscles, which were most powerfully developed, con- 

 sisted of four distinct masses on each side, arising from the fourth, 

 fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical vartebree ; they were inserted into 

 the manubrium sterni and the first rib. 



The trapezius consisted of two portions ; one, arising from the 

 transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebra, is lost in 

 a strong fascia overspreading the shoulder-joint ; the other arises 

 from the ligamentum nucha, and is inserted into the fascia covering 

 the scapula. 



The levator scapula arose from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cer- 

 vical vertebra, and was inserted into the superior angle of the 

 scapula. 



The rhomboideus was single, and chiefly remarkable for its short- 

 ness ; it was inserted into the broad elastic cartilage which is con- 

 tinued upwards from the base of the scapula. 



The pectoralis major arose from the whole length of the sternum ; 

 it was composed of two portions, one superficial, the other deep 

 seated ; the former was inserted into the fascia covering the extensor 

 muscles of the fore-leg; the latter into the fascia covering the 

 brachial plexus. 



With respect to the other muscles acting upon the distal joints 

 of the extremities, with the exception of their greater length, they 

 were not found materially to diff^er from the corresponding parts in 

 other bisulcate mammals. 



The ligamentum nucha was remarkable for its prodigious develope- 

 ment ; it commenced at the sacral vertebra, and receiving, as it ad- 

 vanced, accessions from each of the lumbar and dorsal vertebra, be- 

 came inserted into the spinous processes of the cervical, the extreme 

 portion passing freely over the atlas, and terminating by an expanded 

 insertion upon the occipital crest. 



The bony attachment of the ligament afforded by the skull was 

 raised considerably above the roof of the cranial cavity, the exterior 

 table of the skuU being widely separated from the vitreous plate by 

 large sinuses, which commencing above the middle of the nasal cavity 

 extended as far posteriorly as beneath the base of the horns ; the si- 

 nuses were traversed by strong bony septa, forming a support to the 

 exterior table. The sphenoidal sinuses were of large size. 



The nasal cavity occupied the two anterior thirds of the skull, and 

 the ossa spongiosa were proportionably developed. 



The condyles of the occiput were remarkable for their great extent 

 in the vertical direction, and the inferior and posterior parts of the 

 articular surface meet at an acute angle ; a structure which enables 

 the Giraffe to elevate the head into a line with the neck, and even to 

 incline it slightly backwards. 



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