Reviews — Norfolk and Norwicli Naturalists Society. 35 



implements from the Middle Glacial gravel and Chalky Boulder-clay 

 of Suffolk ; and Dr. Marie Stopes gives an illustrated account of the 

 Red Crag shell portrait (see Geol. Mag., 1912, pp. 285, 334). 

 Among other articles is one ou " The Problem of the Eoliths ", by 

 Mr. F. N. Haward, who thinks that " very few are humanly 

 chipped ". 



X. — Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society. 



AN interesting and instructive article on "The Topography 

 and Vegetation of the National Trust Reserve known as 

 Elakeney Point, Norfolk", by Professor P. W. Oliver, F.E.S., and 

 Dr. E. J. Salisbury, F.L.S., has been published in tlie Transac- 

 tions of this society (vol. ix, pt. iv, 1913). The Topography, by 

 Professor Oliver, is of considerable geological interest, as it deals 

 with the changes which have affected the coast. This comprises 

 a shingle spit which leaves the shore near Weybourne, and extends 

 about eight miles seaward slightly N. of W. Ou the landward side 

 is the tidal inlet known as Elakeney Harbour, wliich at Cley receives 

 the waters of the River Glaven. The area includes Blown Sand, 

 unreclaimed salt marshes (saltings), and some reclaimed tracts, 

 together with much bare mud ; the National Trust Eeserve 

 comprises Z\ miles of the shingle spit from the Headland, and 

 a strip of saltings abutting on the reclaimed marshes between 

 Elakeney and Cley. It is remarkable that twenty-five small lateral 

 shingle banks extend from the lee side of the main spit, and some 

 of tliese known as 'Marams' are considered by Dr. Salisbury to 

 possibly indicate the former extent of sand dunes, although the 

 Marram grass {Psamma) is not now conspicuous. The marshward 

 flow 01 the shingle is arrested to some extent by Suceda fruticosa 

 and other plants. The distribution of the plants is fully dealt with 

 by Dr. Salisbury, and the subject generally is well illustrated by 

 maps and photographic views. 



XI. — Brief Notices. 



1. The Paleolithic Implements of Kansas. — A work entitled 

 The Weathermg of Aboriginal Stone Artifacts. — No. 1 : " A considera- 

 tion of the Paleoliths of Kansas," by Mr. N. H. Winchell, has been 

 issued by the Minnesota Historical Society (8vo, cloth, St. Paul, 

 pp. 186, illustrated by twenty figures and nineteen half-tone plates, 

 1913). In this volume the author applies the term Paleolithic "to 

 any people, and their artifacts, -which antedated tlie Kansan Glacial 

 epoch. Early Neolithic includes the time elapsed between the Kansau 

 and the Wisconsin Glacial epochs, and Neolithic applies to people who 

 have existed in Kansas since the Wisconsin ". Paleolithic types of 

 implements were, however, found to continue into Neolithic times. 

 Tlie characters and patination of various implements are described 

 and illustrated by the text-figures and plates. 



2. Yorkshire Chalk Fossils. — " Tlie Chalk Fossils in the Hull 

 Museum" form the subject of an article by Mr. George Sheppard 

 (Trans. Hull Scient. and Field Nat. Club, iV, 1913). A useful list 

 is given of the species, a few of which are figured in two plates. 



