70 



R. M. Deeley — Ice-flows in the Trent Basin. 



now, when we come to deal with such an area as that of the Trent 

 Basin or the south-eastern counties of England, there are great 

 difficulties to be faced. In the present paper a tentative attempt will 

 be made to show how, through the peculiar ice movements, the 

 arrangement of the deposits indicated came about in this area. 



In the Trent Basin there is a series of boulder- clays, gravels, and 

 sands, which occur in the same order throughout tlie whole of the 

 area, and in many cases all the members may be found within a few 

 miles of each other. Perhaps in no one section is the whole succession 

 shown ; but in very many instances several of them may be seen 

 superimposed the one upon the other. 



The succession, commencing with the most modern, is as follows: — 



Chalky Gravel. — Sand and gravel, with flints, rolled chalk, etc. 



Chalky Boulder -clay . — Tough bluish boulder-clay, containing chalk, flints, 



and other easterly rocks : some derived from older boulder- clays, sands, or 



gravels. 

 Melton Sand. — Thick sand beds, with chalk and flint. 

 Middle Pennine Boulder-clay. — A tough boulder-clay containing well-striated 



rocks from the west and north-west only. 

 Quartzose Sand. — Clean false-bedded sand and gravel up to 20 feet thick, 



quite free from flints. 

 Early Pennine Boulder-clay. — Reddish, silty, tough boulder-clay, with striated 



westerly and north-westerly erratics. 



Some of the well-stratified sands and gravels I now consider to be 

 distinct from the Quartzose Sand. Those at Kirk Ii-eton, Spondon, 

 and Grrantham are cases in point. They are most likely outwash 

 gravels of the Middle Pennine Boulder-clay. All the sands and 

 gravels are quite free from contemporaneous molluscan remains. 

 Even the clean, false-bedded sands are free from all such signs of 

 life. In this respect they resemble the outwash deposits of modern 

 glaciers and the sands and gravels of glacier-dammed lakes. As 

 has been already stated, their most marked peculiarity is that they 



