96 Correspondence — R. M. Deeley. 



This growth of ice was not regular over the whole surface, for 

 here and there pits and grooves were left in the gravelly surface. 

 Examination also showed that there were numerous cavities e in the 

 fibrous ice layers, resulting from the local failure of the water supply 

 from below. 



The segregation of the water to form ice layers when the surface 

 of the ground freezes not only seems to have a bearing upon the 

 question of the flow of the frozen soil-cap downhill, but also serves 

 to explain the peculiar arrangement of the stones at or near the 

 surface, especially in high latitudes. It has been remarked by many 

 that in frigid climates the stones and other objects on the ground 

 stand with their longer axes in a vertical position. 



During the melting of the ice layers below the surface stones would 

 subside irregularly, slipping on end into the cavities and channels 

 formed by the melting of the ice below. When it is remembered that 

 the formation of ice layers beneath the surface and their melting 

 must take place very frequently in high latitudes, the positions of the 

 stones near the surface must be moved with regard to each other very 

 often. In this movement we have a cause which appears to be capable 

 of producing the peculiar vertical arrangement of the stones near the 

 surface. 



Such a vertical arrangement of the longer axes of the stones may 

 be seen in the upper surfaces of many of the high-level river gravel 

 terraces of England, but not in the lower gravels. It is common in 

 the high-level river gravel terraces of the Trent, where signs of 

 disturbance often extend downwards many feet from the surface. 



R. M. Deelet. 



nyCISOEXjL^^ITEOTJS. 



Munificent Bequests in aid of Science. — Dr. Tempest Anderson, 

 who died on board ship in the Red Sea on August 26 last year, has 

 left £50,000 to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, of which he 

 was formerly president; and £25,000 to the Percy Sladen Memorial 

 Fund, established by his sister, Mrs. Sladen, in 1904. 



Geological Survey. — The President of the Board of Education has 

 promoted Mr. Gr. W. Lamplugh, F.R.S., to the post of Assistant 

 Director (for England and Wales) on the Geological Survey of Great 

 Britain, and Mr. T. C. Cantrill to that of District Geologist. The 

 appointments took effect on January 6, 1914. 



