204 D. M. S. Watson— The Beaufort Beds, S. Africa. 



that of Pariasaurus Baini as described by Seeley., that is, they have 

 only a few small scutes round the neural spines of the dorsal region. 

 Less common are the remains of Deinocephalia, both Tapinocephaloids 

 and Titanosuchia and many diverse types of Therocephalia. Small 

 Dicynodons occur in considerable numbers, but no large forms of 

 Anomodont have ever been found, and the beds have been so thoroughly 

 searched that their absence or excessive rarity is assured. 



The Midothiodo7i beds, which are seen in the field to follow those of 

 the Pariasaurus zone, have been searched by T. Bain, very largely by 

 J. H. AVhaits, and to a much less extent by the author. They have 

 never yielded any Pariasaurian remains (except a very small femur) 

 and no Deinocephalians. There are many Therocephalia, particularly 

 Gorgonopsids, including Gorgonops torvus. There are numerous lai%e 

 Endothiodons, and all the Dicynodons are very small. 



At the top of the Meuveld escarpment, for example at Kuils Poort 

 Nek, about 12 miles north of Beaufort West, there is a fauna, collected 

 at various places along the escarpment by T. Bain, H. Gr. Seeley, 

 K. Broom, The Survey, J. H. Whaits, S. H. Haughton, and the 

 author, which has as its commonest and most striking constituent 

 large Dicynodons, i.e. types vi^ith a skull length of 25 cm, or more. 

 There are also Therocephalia and Gorgonopsids, quite different from 

 those found below, and the much armoured Pariasaurians of the 

 genus Propappus occur in considerable abundance. Judging from 

 this district, which has been so extensively worked as to afford most 

 satisfactory evidence, the zones are characterized by the following 

 features : — 



The Pariasauras zone, by the occurrence of large, slightly 

 armoured Pariasauria and Deinocephalia and the absence of any large 

 Anomodonts. 



The Endothiodont zone is characterized by the occurrence of 

 JEndothiodon and other large Endothiodonts and peculiar Gorgonopsids, 

 and by the total absence of large Dicynodons. 



The Ci&ticepTialus zone is characterized by the presence of many 

 large Dicynodons and Propappus, and other much ornamented 

 Pariasaurs and the absence of any large Endothiodonts. 



The three upper zones can only be studied in the east of Cape 

 Province. Round the towns Aliwal North and Burghersdorp the 

 Cynognathus zone is very well exposed, and has been collected from 

 by A. Brown, R. D. Kannemeyer, R. Broom, and the author. 

 It yields a fauna the most abundant constituents of Avhich are 

 the large Dicynodonts of the genus Kannemexjeria, Cynodonts, 

 particularly those of the family Cynognathidse, and the Thecodont 

 Erytlirosuclius. 



Passing north-westward of the rich locality of Winnaarsbaken at 

 the farm Klip Kuil, a bed of extremely hard sandstone with clay galls 

 and fragments of bone is clearly seen to dip under the Cynognathus 

 beds. In this bed I found fragmentary limb-bones apparently of 

 Lystrosaurus, and two complete maxillse and a dentary of Pro- 

 colophon trigoniceps. In the river which intersects this bed and 

 about 200 yards below in a bed of sandstone about 100 feet below 

 that which contains Procolophoji, I obtained Lystrosaurus remains, 



