206 D. M. S. Watson— The Beaufort Beds, S. Africa. 



one skull being apparently Z. cttrvatus (Owen). Further to the west, 

 at Venterstad and Bethulie Bridge, Lystrosaurus again occurs, 

 specimens being in the British and Albany Museums. 



About 80 miles south of Burghersdorp, in the district round 

 Tarkastad, I again obtained clear evidence of the order of superposition 

 of these three zones. In the Field Cornetcy Upper Zwaart Kei of 

 District Queenstown there is a hill, Tafelberg, the watei'courses 

 on the sides of which give excellent sections. At two localities, 

 Haslop Hill to the north-east and Donnybrook to the south-west 

 of this hill, I obtained Procoloplion at nearly the lowest level explored. 

 This reptile occurs in a thin zone in the great mass of deep-red 

 mudstone which forms all the lower part of the hill. 



On the farm Tentergate, which is on the west side of Tafelberg at 

 a horizon about 500 feet above the ProcolopJioti zone of Haslop Hill, 

 I found in a thin sandstone a broken dentary of Triholodon frerensis^ 

 the type-specimen of which was found by Professor Seeley in the 

 Cynognathus zone of Lady Frere. The upper part of Tafelberg 

 is composed of grey shales and yellow-grey sandstones, which are 

 lithologically similar to the Molteno Beds. In the Albany Museum 

 there is a dorsal vertebra of a Dinosaur collected by Mr. D. White at 

 Tafelberg ; as no Dinosaurs have ever been found in the Beaufort 

 Beds, this affords very strong evidence that these grey beds are really 

 of Molteno age. About 20 miles west of Tafelberg, in the lowest beds 

 exposed in the farm Newtondale, I obtained Lystrosaurus declivis (?) in 

 a deep-red sandstone and fragmentary Lystrosaurus remains in a yellow 

 sandstone. These beds are the lowest of those occurring on this farm, 

 and are clearly seen in the field to lie below the Procolophon zone 

 of Haslop Hill. The only common animal of the Frocolophon zone 

 is ProcolopJion itself. 



The Lystrosaurus zone is characterized by that animal, which 

 occurs almost to the exclusion of other forms ; there are in the British 

 Museum some peculiar large Dicynodon skulls from Bethulie which 

 seem to have come from this zone. 



The Cynognathus zone is sharply marked by Kannemeyeria, 

 Cynognathids, and Erytlirosuchus. 



Accepting the possibility of identifying these zones by the facies 

 of the fauna they contain, a presumption which is justified by all 

 experience and by the great length in time of the zones (the six 

 cover the entire interval from low in the Permian to near the top of 

 the Trias), it is easy by determining from specimens in museums the 

 horizon of a sufficient number of localities to construct a geological 

 map. This is done in Fig. 1 (p. 205), where the crosses represent some 

 known fossil localities almost all represented in the British Museum. 

 I do not intend to give a list of these localities and the fossils from 

 them, because it is difficult to do so usefully without a systematic 

 revision of the South African fossil reptiles. The more important 

 and critical localities are discussed below. 



The Procoloplion zone is so thin that it cannot be separatelj" 

 represented, but is indicated by the line of junction of the 

 Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus zones. Procolophon has been found 

 at Whittlesea and Donnybrook, Queenstown District; Haslop Hill, 



