516 Notices of Memoirs — Australian Kainozoic Deposits. 



and the Older Deep Leads : in Victoria. Leaf -beds of Dalton, 

 Gunning, and Vegetable Creek : in New South Wales. Leaf-beds of 

 Lake Frome, etc. : in South Australia. 



Kalimnan. — Newer Deep Leads, Haddon, Victoria. Also of 

 Gulgong in New South Wales. 



(2) The Correlation of the Austealian Marine Kainozoic 

 Deposits: Evidence of the Eohinoids, Bryozoa, and some 

 Vertebrates. By Professor J. W. Gregory, F.R.S. 



CORRELATIONS of the Kainozoic deposits which extend along 

 Southern Australia have been proposed in accordance with two 

 main conclusions. According to the first, these deposits include 

 marine representatives of all the Kainozoic systems from the Eocene 

 to the Pleistocene. According to the alternative explanation, most 

 of the deposits belong to the middle part of the Kainozoic, and 

 include essentially one fauna. When I succeeded M'Coy in 

 Melbourne in 1900 I had to consider this question, and carefully 

 examined the evidence given by the two groups of animals in which 

 I was most interested, the Echinoidea and the Bryozoa, and also 

 compared their evidence with that of some fossil vertebrates. The 

 second correlation seemed the better to agree with tlie evidence of 

 these groups. The Echinoidea had been regarded as indicating 

 the Eocene age of some of the deposits, for one characteristic fossil 

 had been referred to the genus Solaster. This determination had, 

 however, been revised and the fossil referred to a new genus, 

 Bimcaniasier, whose affinities are with much later echinoids than 

 Solaster. The fossil echinoids could all be included in one fauna ; 

 some of the most characteristic species, such as Clypeaster gippslandicus 

 and Monostychia australis, range from the Balcombian to the Kalimnan, 

 and Lovenia forhesi has the same variations in the Janjukian and 

 Kalimnan. Some of the rarer species are limited to one locality, but 

 that is probably only due to their scarcity. The characteristic 

 Echinoids indicate one fauna, which is essentially Miocene, though it 

 may have overlapped with the Upper Oligoceneand Lower Pliocene. 

 The evidence of the Echinoids is decidedly in favour of the view that 

 there has been one great marine transgression along the southern 

 coast of Australia, which reached its maximum in the Miocene if it 

 were not confined to that system. 



The evidence of the Bryozoa is less definite, but when carefully 

 examined it supports the same conclusions. Many of the genera 

 lived in the Eocene and Cretaceous ; but most weight should be given 

 to the most specialized Cheilostomata found in these deposits. Some 

 well-known living species, such as Retepora heaniana, Smittia 

 reticulata, and Porella skenei, are found in the Victorian beds, and 

 they indicate an Upper instead of a Lower Kainozoic age. The 

 survival of some older Bryozoa is less significant than the first 

 appearance of the highly developed Upper Kainozoic species. 

 Macgillivray in his monograph (1895) said that the Victorian 

 Bryozoan fauna included no Eocene members, and that the different 



