4oL* UlLLKTIX: Ml.sEl'M OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



remnant of the once diverse phylum of Ameriean camels. Tiiere is 

 no good evidence, however, that the horse which survived in North 

 Ajnerica till late Pleistocene times was ever known to the aborigines 

 until its reintroduction by Europeans. Dogs they had, nevertheless, 

 universally and in some variety. Yet at this late date it is hardly 

 possible to define the various breeds or variations with any exactness 

 or to throw nmch light on the question of their ulthnate origin. An 

 attempt is made here to gather what information the earlier travellers 

 recorded as to the appearance of tiie dogs of the American aborigines, 

 and so far as may l)e, to characterize the various breeds that can be 

 distinguished. 



A bibliography is added giving the more important papers on the 

 origin of the dog, and on prehistoric dogs of the Old World, as well as 

 jeferences to the aboriginal dogs of America. 



Acknowledgements. 



For the opportunity of studying dog-remains from various parts 

 of the New World, I would express mj' obligation to the Museum 

 of Comparative Zoology; to Messrs. C. C. Willoughby and S. J. 

 Guernsey of the Peabody Museimi; to ]\Ir. G. S. Miller, Jr., of the 

 U. S. National ^Museum; Prof. F. 13. Loomis of Amherst College; 

 Prof. W. K. Moorehead, of Andover Academy; and Messrs. A. L. 

 Kroeber and E. W. GifFord of the Museum of Anthropology.' of the 

 University of California. 



For interesting photographs of dogs, thanks are gratefully extended 

 to Messrs. Ernest Harold Baynes, W. B. Cabot, C. T. Currelly, 

 W. C. Farrabee, S. J. Guernsey', the Royal Ontario Museum of Arch- 

 aeology, and the American Genetic x\ssociation. 



Origin of the Domestic Dog. 



The problem of discovering the wild ancestor of the Domestic Dog 

 has engrossed the attention of naturalists from the time of Buffon to 

 the present. Basing their opinion on general external resemblances, 

 the early systematists, Guldenstadt and Pallas, favored the Indian 

 Jackal as the primitive stock whence the European dogs were derived. 

 In this course they have been followed by many later writers, but more 

 exact studies (Miller, 1912) show that the teeth of the Jackal may be 



