452 Kl l.l.KTlN: Ml SKIM ()K ( OM 1' A 1{.\ I I\ K y.oi')].OC.\. 



Departuu'iit of the I iiiwrsity ot ("iilitoiniii. Tlu'sc last arv in an 

 excellent state of preservation, of niediuiu size, yet of massive ho\u\ 

 with roufihened l)rain-case. and sagittal crest developed mainly on 

 the interparietal region. The teeth are rather small, the first upper 

 premolar lacking in some cases. 



The following table gives the cranial jueasiwcjnents of several of 

 these skulls. The first two, from Pecos, N. Mex., differ in that the 

 one, a rostrum only, is considerably larger than the other, or any of 

 the ("alifornian skulls. Of the latter, there are several from mounds 

 on San Nicolas Island, which represent a dog apparently identical 

 with that of New Mexico. The last two columns give dimensions of 

 two old dogs with much worn teeth; in the larger, indeed, the upper 

 molars have been lost and their alveoli partially filled, while the remain- 

 ing teeth are mere stumps. The smaller of these two skulls, while 

 not very different in the measurements of the tooth-row, has a shorter, 

 smaller craniujn. It is very likely a mongrel between this larger dog 

 and one of the short-nosed dogs ('Pachycyon'), a relationship further 

 indicatetl by its slightly more upturned snout. It is further peculiar in 

 lacking the first upper premolars on both sides, w^hile in the lower jaw 

 there are on both sides four molars, the second and third each with 

 two roots and the fourth single-rooted like the usual third molar. 

 Four molars in the lower jaw is not an miknown feature in the dog. 

 Nehring (1882) found twenty dog skulls out of 650 in which there was 

 an extra molar either in both upper or both lower tooth-rows, or in 

 only one tooth-row. 



Lucas (1S97) has given a brief account of the cranium of a large 

 dog, evidently domesticated, found in an ancient Pueblo Indian grave 

 at Chaves Pass, Arizona, in 1896. Another of similar proportions 

 was discovered at San Marcos, Texas, associated with flints, a human 

 skeleton, and other bones. The former skull he regards as of a " broad- 

 faced type," and describes it as "precisely similar in size and pro- 

 portions to the cranium of an Eskimo dog from Cumberland Sound." 

 He supposes these to be carrier-dogs, and recalls Clavigero's mention 

 of them as "a quadruped of the country of Cibola [New Mexico], 

 similar in form to a mastift', which the Indians employ to carry bur- 

 dens." I have not been able to examine these skulls, but they may be 

 the same as the larger of the two New Mexico skulls here listed. 



