Ai.i.Kx: n()(;s ok tiik amkkkax ahokicinks. ■)();? 



Summary. 



Recent ciurftil studies of tlie tretli indicate that tlic doincstic do^'s 

 relationship is with the wolves rather than with the j^roiips of canids 

 represented In coyote, jackal, or fox. The ultimate wolf-li ke ancestor 

 of the dog is yet to be determined, l)ut present e\idence fa\ors the 

 view that it was not one of the large circumhoreal wolxes. hut jio.ssihly 

 a distinct and smaller species, from which both large and small l)reeds 

 •of dogs have been derived. 



The domestic dogs of the American aborigines were (|uite as truly 

 typical dogs as those of Asia, and may be assumed to ha\e reached 

 America from that continent, with their human companions. Al- 

 though it is possible that the larger dogs may interbreed occa.sionally 

 with wolf or coyote, there is no good reason to suppose that such cross- 

 ing has had much if any, influence on the original stock. 



In a \ery general way, three types of dogs may be distinguished 

 -among the American aborigines: (1) the large, broad-muzzled, Es- 

 kimo Dog, with heavy coat and tail curled forward oxer the hip; 

 (2) a larger and (3) a smaller Indian Dog, from which are probablx- to 

 be derived sexeral distinct local breeds. Of the larger style of dog as 

 many as eleven varieties may perhaps be distinguished; of the smaller, 

 five. 



An interesting and suggestixe parallel is found among prehistoric 

 European dogs, of which in late Neolithic and early Bronze periods 

 there were a large and a .small type — Cfl?^ miermcdiuff and C. 

 palmtns — corresponding rather closely to the Larger or Common 

 Indian Dog and the Small Indian Dog or Techichi. The obvious 

 probability is that these two general types of dogs were then widely 

 cultivated in Asia, and at a \ery early period reached Europe and 

 America with the human immigrants. In a similar way the Eskimo 

 Dog is of a type common to northern Asia and Europe, "and doubtless 

 reached America with the Eskimos, whose arrival, at least in eastern 

 America is usually regarded as relatively recent. 



