VERTIGO. 213 



Pupa cmfiilnfa, MioiiKi-S, is tho, samo ns Acnvthinula hnrjya. 



Pupa cxigua, Say, etc., is the same as Carychium cxiguum. (See Vol. IV.) 



Pupa Gouldii, Binney, etc., is the same as Vertigo Gouldi. 



Pupa miNtiin, Gould, is tlie same as Vertigo viilhim. 



Pupa mmicsta, Say, etc., is tlic same as Vertigo ovata. 



Pupa ovata, Gould, etc., is tlie same as Vertigo ovata. 



Pupa ovulum., Pfeiffer, is the same as Vertigo ovata. 



Pupa simplex, Gould, etc., is the same as Vertigo simplex. 



Ptipa incana, -- Strojthia. 



Pupa unicaHnata, Binney, Terr. Moll., I., is the same as Macroceramus Kicneri. 



Pupa Nehra^cana, of Wauren's Report of Surveys, etc., Ex. Doc, II. Pt. 2, 35th 



Cong., 1859, p. 725, may perhaps be P. contracta. 

 P. viarginata, I) rap., credited to North America by Prestwicii, Quart. Joum. 



Geol. See, XXVII. 493. 



Fossil Species of Pupa. 



Pupa helicoides, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,VIII. 118. 



Pupa vetusta, Dawson, Geol. Soc. Proc, 1852, IX. 60, PI. IV. {Dendropupa, 

 Owen). 



Pupa VcrmilioTiensis, coal of Illinois, see Silliman's Amer. Joum. of Science for 

 Aug., 1872. 



VERTIGO, Mull. 



Animal as in Pupa, but tentacles wanting. 



Shell deeply rimate, ovate, apex acuminate obtuse ; whorls 5-6, the last 

 rounded ; aperture semi-oval, with four to seven folds ; peristome scarcely ex- 

 panded, white-lipped. 



The distribution of the genus is world-wide. 



Jaw more or less arched, ends but little attenuated, blunt ; anterior surface 

 with delicate vertical striae; cutting margin with a more or less developed 

 median projection. 



I have given Fig. 117 copied from that of Morse. In the 

 L. & Fr.-W. Sh. N. A., I., will be found other figures of 

 iaws showins: the variations in outline found in the senus. 

 I have personally examined the jaw in none of our species. 



For the characters of the lingual dentition I am also en- awo eng-oov a 



° (Morse). 



tirely dependent on Morse. 



Fig. 118 shows the general arrangement of the teeth on the membrane. 

 The membrane is long and narrow. The central teeth have a base of attach. 



FiR. n«. 



.0CP^^^t^ 



Liuguul deotitioa of Vertigo ovala (Mors«). 



