1901.] 



COMMEKCJAL JAPAN. 



2239 



The standiug of Japan's merchant marine in comparison to that of the world was given by Professor Mayo-Smith: 



World'!^ Vkssels Ovur 50 Tons of Capacity in 1893. 



COUNTRIES. 



United States 



Great Britain and Ireland 



Norway 



Germany 



France 



Italy 



Sweden 



Spain 



Kussia 



Holland 



Denmark 



Greece 



Austria-Hungary 



Tarkcy 



Portugal 



Belgium 



All Europe 



Canada 



Australasia 



Japan 



Brazil 



Chile 



World 



' In this table Japan stands next to Austria-Hmigary, in the sixteenth position, ha's-ing only 22.2 per cent of the average tonnage of the 

 total, which average is 92,300 tons, and only 8 per cent of the average tonnage of 2,488,100 tons of the six great nations, En<:rland, United 

 States, (iermany, France, Italy, and Russia, and only 2.2 per cent when compared with Great Britain and Ireland. IJut since 1893 

 Japan has made lier most rapid improvement; in 1899 she had increased her tonnage to three times as much as in 1893, and her comparative 

 standing to-day would be as high as Sweden, or perhaps as Italy. 



(b) crews and officers. 

 No accurate statistics have been taken since 1892 which will give an idea of this matter. 



Japanese. 



Foreign. 



Total. 



Licensed for abroad 



Licensed for coast 



Licensed for small vessels 



Total 



752 



1,802 

 1,061 



3,555 



652 

 52 



1,4(M 

 1,854 

 l.CCl 



704 I 4,299 



In 1891 there were 1,442 vessels in the country, which shows that only three men were emj^loyed to one vessel. Tliisfact is due to 

 the less demand for crews, smallness of compensation for their rough work, and less comfort in voyages, which naturally causes dislike 

 for the work. The majority of these men were employed in the coast lines, and only one-third Avere employed for vessels abroad, and 

 only one-sixth of all that go abroad are Japanese, foreigner being employed in the more important voyages. Of the officers licensed 

 the division was as follows: . 



Captains. 



Japanese 

 Foreign . 



Mates. 



Engi- 

 neers. 



150 

 22 



175 

 65 



Special 

 pilots. 



These figures plainly show the poorness of marine interest at that date. 



(c) NAVIGATION LINES. 



Recently the Japanese navigation lines to different countries have made remarkable progress, and -it present the Japanese flag is 

 floating over all waters. Hitherto all shipments to foreign countries were made in foreign vessels, which enjoyed tliis privilege for a 

 long tim.e. 



(1) Yladivastock line. 



(2) Korea lines, two companies. 



(3) Tientsin, jManila, Niuchwang, Singapore, Sidney, and Bombay line. 



(4) Shanghai, Hongkong, London line, to consist of 12 steamers of over 6,000 tons, with minimum speed of 14 knots an hour, 

 running fortnightly, with a subsidy of 1,331,600 yen. 



(5) Australasia line. 

 ((>)'South America, irregular. 



(7) North America: (a) San Francisco line, 3 steamers, 6,000 tons each, 17 knots; (b) Seattle line, 3 steamei-s, 6,000 tons each, 13 

 knots. 



The above lines are controlled bv Japanese companies. Beside these there are — 



(1) England: (a) Canadian Paci"lic Railway Company, every four weeks; (//) Ponin?ular and Oriental, running between London 

 and Japan via Oriental ports; (c) Castle Company, runninii l»ctween London and Japan via Oriental ports; ((/) Glen Company, running 

 between London and Japan via Oriental ports; (<") Ocean Company, running between London and colonial China, with annex to Japan. 



