1901.] 



COMMEECIAL JAPAi^. 



2243 



(d) cost of service. 



BE VENUE. 



Passenger revenue includes revenue from postal service and charge of excess of w eight on baggage, and freight includes cattle and 

 carriages. Total uicome shows an increase of 6,500,000 yen compared with 1898, due to the raise of fares and better traffic. 



EXPENSE. 



The percentage of net revenue to the total revenue is: 1898, 4-1.21; 1896, 55.64; 1895, 55.27; 1893, 57.0G. 



1S9S 



Revenue per passenger per mile (cents) 



Revenue per ton per mile (cents) 



Revenue per train mile, all trains , 



Average cost of running a train 1 mile, all trains (cents) 

 Percentage of operating expenses to operating income . 



Revenue per mile, passenger (yen) , 



Revenue per mile, freight (yen) 



Revenue per day per mile, passenger (yen) , 



Revenue per day per mile, weight (yen) , 



Expense per mile (yen) 



Net revenue per mile ( yen ) , 



Net revenue per mile per day (yen) 



1. 



4. 



175 



81 



44. 



5, 895. 



2,958. 



16. 



8. 



5, 286. 



4, 189. 



11. 



United States. 



1890 1896 



2.16 

 .94 

 144 



96 

 05.80 



2.06 

 .8 

 138 

 93 

 67.06 



I = 9,475.51 yen. 

 || = 24.70 yen. 



No statistics of traffic according to commodities have been taken, 

 countries was made. 



The comparison of the cost of service with that of other 



England, 1898 pounds sterling. . 



France, 1S96 1,000 francs. . 



German V, 1896 1,000 murks. . 



Austria, 1896 1,000 florins. . 



Italy, 1891 1.000 lire.. 



Russia, 1891 1,000 rubles. . 



Japan, 1899 yen. . 



Revenue. 



91,066,038 



2, 595, 300 



1,504,375 



263, 955 



257, 0T2 



398, 628 



38,219,000 



Expense. 



55, 960, 543 

 1,373,200 

 856, 7>> 

 153,896 

 178, 460 

 232,787 



18,230,000 



The percentage of net revenue of Japanese railroads is the largest in the world. 



Government roads show a good income but heavy expenses. The cost of construction of railroads is largely increased, the average 

 of 1897-98 being 54,472 yen per mile; that of 1898-99, 62,007, an increase of 7,535 yen per mile. 



In comparison with other countries, Japan shows one of the cheapest costs oi" construction, the cost for 1897 being: 



England $226, 119 



Germany 98, 706 



Holland 90, 355 



Switzerland 95, Oil 



Belgium $108, 921 



Austria 96, 520 



Canada 54,910 



Jupan 27, 236 



France $133,833 



Italv 82,217 



United States 61,409 



All roads of Japan are under public administration. As construction of competing lines is forbidden, unrea-sonable discrimination 

 and cut-throat competition are avoided. This gives great favor to the railroad business. The tendency to railroad consolidation has been 

 very ai)parent, but this is not due to competition but to the attempt to get better economy with better management, or, in short, better 

 efficiency. 



Besides steam railroads there are horse cars, trolley cars, and other vehicles for inland transportation. 



