48 CAULOPHACUS SCHULZEI. 
Caulophacus schulzei WIson. 
Plate 7, figs. 20-31; Plate 8, figs. 1-29; Plate 9, figs. 1-33; Plate 10, figs. 1-29; Plate 11, figs. 1-17. 
Mem. M. C. Z., 1904, 30, p. 43; Plate 4, figs. 1, 3, 5-10; Plate 5, figs. 1-6, 8-10. 
All the specimens referred to this species were trawled at Station 4651 off 
northern Peru on 11 November, 1904; 5° 41.7’S. 82° 59.7’ W.; depth 4063 m. (2222 
f.); they grew on sticky, fine, gray sand; the bottom-temperature was 35.4°. 
Apart from peculiarities due to differences of age and preservation, all 
these sponges are fairly identical. The nearly complete specimens are mush- 
room-shaped, composed of a discoid body and a stalk attached to the lower 
face of the disc. The fragments appear to be parts of similar sponges. Six 
specimens have been selected for detailed study, and to these all the figures 
on the plates refer. These specimens are marked A-F. A, B, and C are small 
specimens with discs 27-31 mm. in diameter. D, E, and F are large specimens. 
D had a dise 60 mm. in diameter. E was probably still larger, but is too frag- 
mentary for exact measurement. F is a detached stalk which appears to have 
belonged to a specimen with a dise also about 60 mm. in diameter. 
Shape and size. In the smallest nearly complete specimen, the dise-shaped 
body is oval in outline, 19 mm. long, 16 mm. broad, and 2.5 mm. thick in the 
middle. Towards the margin it thins out. The central part of the upper, gas- 
tral face is flat, its marginal part slightly convex. The stalk is eccentric, oblique, 
2 mm thick close to its point of insertion to the sponge-body (disc), and atten- 
uated below. In seven of the nearly complete specimens the disc is fairly flat, 
circular to oval in outline, 24-85 mm. in maximum diameter, and 5-7 mm. thick 
in the middle. One of these small specimens is represented on Plate 9, fig. 30. 
In these specimens the central part of the upper, gastral face is flat, slightly 
concave or slightly convex, the marginal part usually distinctly convex. The 
proximal end of the stalk is 2-5 mm. thick. The eccentricity of its point of 
insertion varies considerably and is in one of the specimens so great that its 
distance from the farthest point of the margin is thrice that of its distance from 
the nearest. In one small specimen (Plate 9, fig. 29) the disc is a little over 
30 mm. in diameter, 7 mm. thick in the middle, and folded in above. The upper, 
gastral face is, apart from the remarkable infolding, nearly flat in the middle 
and strongly convex towards the margin. The lower, dermal face is convex in 
the middle and flat near the margin. The margin itself is very clearly defined 
and sharp (Plate 8, figs. 28b, 29b). The stalk is, close to its point of insertion, 
4.5 mm. thick; 8 mm. lower, where it is broken off, it is only 2.2 mm. thick. 
