66 HYDROID^. 



Staurophora) have, like the young Tubularian Medusae, a deep bell and 

 few tentacles ; these characters they lose with advancing age. The 

 young Medusae of the greater part of the Campanularian Hydroids, 

 with the exception of the Eucopidie and some of the ^Equoridce, also 

 have, immediately after they are liberated, a form totally unlike that 

 which they eventually assume. A young Clytia or Oceania has a deep 

 bell, only a couple of long tentacles, and few marginal capsules, having 

 a totally different arrangement from what we find in the adult. With 

 advancing age, the tentacles and marginal bodies increase in number, 

 the disk becomes flattened, and ovaries make their appearance along 

 the chymiferous tubes. In the Eucopid^ the number of tentacles with 

 which the young Meduste are liberated is far greater, the marginal cap- 

 sules being constant in young and old. The same is the case with the 

 ^quorida? ; they are liberated with many tentacles, and the disk, like 

 that of the Eucopida3, is quite flat. We find also among the Campanu- 

 larians, in some genera, a tendency to localization of the tentacles, as in 

 Eucheilota ; or to great complexity of the marginal capsules, as in Tima 

 and Tiaropsis ; and finally a great development of the gelatinous pro- 

 boscis, as in Eutima, Geryonia, and Tima. The gelatinous prolongation 

 of the disk we must regard as an embryonic feature ; the great number 

 of chymiferous tubes is likewise a character of inferiority ; so that we 

 would place lowest among the Campanularians the Geryonopsida3, all 

 these having tolerably deep bells and few tentacles, more resembling the 

 Tubularians ; next the ^quoridae, some of which, in their young stages 

 (Halopsis), resemble the Medusce of Tubularians, with their high bell and 

 few tentacles ; next would come the Eucopidie, having still a large num- 

 ber of tentacles, but where the marginal capsules are limited in number, 

 and in which the young Medusae at no time resemble the young Me- 

 dusae of Tubularians ; finally, highest of all the Campanulariani^ would 

 stand the OceanidjK, where the number of tentacles is not ver}^ gn^at, and 

 the complication as well as localization of the marginal capsules is very 

 definite. The ovaries likewise guide us somewhat in this classification ; 

 they extend along the proboscis and chymiferous tubes in Tima and 

 the Geryonopsid^ ; in the ^Equorid^ they take their origin from the 

 base of the digestive cavity ; in the Eucopid^e they are limited, as well 

 as in the Oceanidae, to definite parts of the chymiferous tubes. 



Were we to judge simply from the nature of the Medusae of the so- 

 called Siphonophora3, the swimming bells and the sexual Medusae, we 

 should be justified in uniting them with the same order as Hydroids, 

 making, of the difierent orders which had been proposed before, only 

 suborders of the great order of Hydroids, and thus not recognizing the 

 class of Siphonophorae, as recently modified by some naturalists. There 

 is perhaps no stronger case to be brought up in confirmation of this 

 view, than the fact that the free Medusae of Velella are so closely aUied 



