18 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA, 
the latter family, to which he applied the name “ Pycnocrinidées,” is divided 
into four Tribus, — the “ Eugeniacriniens, Encriniens, Apiocriniens, and Pen- 
tacriniens.” His second and third families comprise “ Blastoides” and “ Cys- 
tidées ;”” the remaining ones, the ‘‘ Tessellata” of Miiller. 
It is somewhat curious that Pictet, while placing Cupressocrinus, Euca- 
lyptocrinus, and Crotalocrinus each in a separate family, referred all the 
other Palzozoic Crinoids to only two families, — the “ Haplocrinides” and 
“Cyathocrinides.” His Haplocrinides embrace Haplocrinus, Coccocrinus, Cera- 
mocrinus, Myrtilocrinus, Epactocrinus, and Gasterocoma ; all the other Palseocri- 
noidea were placed under the Cyathocrinides. It is difficult to understand 
upon what ground Pictet’s families were based. His “ Polycrinides,” with 
Eucalyptocrinus, have closer affinities with Melocrinus and Dolatocrinus than 
these with Cyathocrinus ; while Cupressoermus agrees closer with the Haplo- 
crinides than many of the Cyathocrinides among themselves. 
Pictet subdivided the Cyathocriniens into four tribus,— the “ Cyatho- 
criniens,” the “Actinocriniens,’ the ‘“Carpocriniens,’ and the “ Platycri- 
niens,’” — of which the first are dicyclic, the last monocyclic; while the 
Actinocriniens and Carpocriniens are in part monocyclic and in part dicyclic. 
He did not discriminate between genera in which the lower brachials form 
part of the calyx and those in which they are free, nor did he pay the least 
attention to the presence or absence of anal plates. 
The classification of Pictet, although not so satisfactory as that of Roemer, 
was accepted by Dujardin and Hupé.* The latter, however, changed the 
sequence of the families, making the “Cystidées” the first family, and 
placing the “ Comatulides ” last. 
In America, up to 1858, little attention had been paid to the study of 
Crinoids. Of the fourteen hundred American species that are now described, 
only about seventy were then defined. In 1843 and 1851, Hall had de- 
scribed a moderate number from the Silurian in the Paleontology of New 
York, Vols. I. and II., and a few additional ones through the Regent's 
Reports at Albany. Owen and Shumard, in 1852, United States Geological 
Report of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, described nineteen species from 
the Subearboniferous of the Mississippi Valley, mostly from the Burlington 
group; and Shumard, in Swallow’s Missouri Geological Report of 1855, 
twelve species from the same horizon. The few remaining species had been 
described by Conrad, Roemer, Casseday, and Yandell and Shumard. 
* Tistoire Naturelle des Zobphytes Echinodermes, par M. F. Dujardin et M. H. Hupé, Paris, 1862. 
